Partonomy list P2F, primary language: EN, subsidiary: LA, interface: EN, work in progress

encephalon

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Partonomy list
FMA TA TID UID
Short English equivalent
Short official Latin term
50801 5257 5257
encephalon
encephalon
61992 5262 5262
prosencephalon
prosencephalon
62000 5264 5264
telencephalon ; brain P3 1772 children
telencephalon ; cerebrum
32246 12095
external morphology of telencephalon
morphologia externa telencephali
83727 5976 5976
longitudinal cerebral fissure
fissura longitudinalis cerebri
61817 38402 5971
cerebral hemisphere (pair)
hemispherium cerebri (par)
83874 38406 5973
cerebral gyri (pair)
gyri cerebri (par)
327491 38410 5975
cerebral sulci (pair)
sulci cerebri (par)
84361 38413 5978
lateral cerebral fossa (pair)
fossa lateralis cerebri (par)
46132 14197
cerebral vallecula (pair)
vallecula cerebri (par)
75140 38416 5979
superior margin (pair)
margo superior (par)
75141 38419 5980
inferomedial margin (pair)
margo inferomedialis (par)
75142 38422 5981
inferolateral margin (pair)
margo inferolateralis (par)
38425 5982
superolateral surface (pair)
facies superolateralis (par)
38428 6037
inferomedial surface (pair)
facies inferomedialis (par)
28827 12438
interlobar gyri (pair) P4 29 children
gyri interlobares (par)
28833 12439
insular operculum (pair)
operculum insulare (par)
74886 38496 5993
frontal operculum (pair)
operculum frontale (par)
74889 38580 6007
parietal operculum (pair)
operculum parietale (par)
74891 38631 6020
temporal operculum (pair)
operculum temporale (par)
274737 38538 8666
subcentral gyrus (pair)
gyrus subcentralis (par)
77534 38704 6045
paracentral lobule (pair)
lobulus paracentralis (par)
77537 38707 6046
anterior paracentral gyrus (pair)
gyrus paracentralis anterior (par)
29248 12237
primary motor cortex (pair)
cortex motorius primarius (par)
77538 38822 6058
posterior paracentral gyrus (pair)
gyrus paracentralis posterior (par)
32452 13176
interlobar sulci (pair) P4 45 children
sulci interlobares (par)
38444 5983
superolateral interlobar sulci (pair)
sulci interlobares superolaterales (par)
83752 38447 5984
central sulcus (pair)
sulcus centralis (par)
77801 38450 5985
lateral sulcus (pair)
sulcus lateralis (par)
83761 38453 5986
posterior branch (pair)
ramus posterior (par)
83759 38456 5987
ascending branch (pair)
ramus ascendens (par)
83760 38459 5988
anterior branch (pair)
ramus anterior (par)
83754 38462 5989
parietooccipital sulcus (pair)
sulcus parietooccipitalis (par)
83739 38465 5990
preoccipital notch (pair)
incisura preoccipitalis (par)
38469 9115
inferomedial interlobar sulci (pair)
sulci interlobares inferomediales (par)
83743 38472 6038
sulcus of corpus callosum (pair)
sulcus corporis callosi (par)
83748 38475 6039
cingulate sulcus (pair) ; sulcus of cingulum (pair)
sulcus cingularis (par) ; sulcus cinguli (par)
83773 38478 6040
marginal branch (pair) ; marginal sulcus (pair)
ramus marginalis (par) ; sulcus marginalis (par)
83777 38481 6041
subparietal sulcus (pair)
sulcus subparietalis (par)
83751 38484 6042
collateral sulcus (pair) ; medial occipitotemporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus collateralis (par) ; sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis (par)
83752 5984 5984
central sulcus
sulcus centralis
61823 38432 5974
cerebral lobes (pair)
lobi cerebri (par)
61824 25033 5991
frontal lobe (pair) P4 225 children
lobus frontalis (par)
38487 8658
superolateral surface (pair)
facies superolateralis (par)
38490 8659
frontomarginal sulcus (pair)
sulcus frontomarginalis (par)
74885 38493 5992
frontal pole (pair)
polus frontalis (par)
274406 26762 11028
frontopolar area (pair)
area frontopolaris (par)
274408 26771 11029
superior frontopolar gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontopolaris superior (par)
274420 26893 11032
middle frontopolar gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontopolaris medius (par)
274414 27363 11034
inferior frontopolar gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontopolaris inferior (par)
274504 27463 11035
frontomarginal gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontomarginalis (par)
74886 5993 5993
frontal operculum
operculum frontale
61860 38499 5994
inferior frontal gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontalis inferior (par)
61982 38502 5995
orbital part (pair)
pars orbitalis (par)
61980 38505 5996
triangular part (pair)
pars triangularis (par)
27466 11840
radiate sulcus (pair)
sulcus radiatus (par)
61981 38508 5997
opercular part (pair)
pars opercularis (par)
83758 38511 8780
diagonal sulcus (pair)
sulcus diagonalis (par)
83757 38514 5998
inferior frontal sulcus (pair)
sulcus frontalis inferior (par)
273103 38517 5999
middle frontal gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontalis medius (par)
38520 8660
superolateral prefrontal cortex (pair)
cortex prefrontalis superolateralis (par)
38523 8661
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (pair)
cortex prefrontalis dorsolateralis (par)
38526 8662
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (pair)
cortex prefrontalis ventrolateralis (par)
38529 8663
superolateral premotor cortex (pair)
cortex premotorius superolateralis (par)
38532 8664
dorsal premotor cortex (pair)
cortex premotorius dorsalis (par)
38535 8665
ventral premotor cortex (pair)
cortex premotorius ventralis (par)
61894 27915 6000
precentral gyrus (pair)
gyrus precentralis (par)
29175 12236
primary motor cortex of precentral gyrus (pair)
cortex motorius primarius gyri precentralis (par)
83800 27912 6001
precentral sulcus (pair)
sulcus precentralis (par)
83765 38541 8667
anterior subcentral sulcus (pair)
sulcus subcentralis anterior (par)
83778 38544 8668
posterior subcentral sulcus (pair)
sulcus subcentralis posterior (par)
61857 38547 6002
superior frontal gyrus (pair)
gyrus frontalis superior (par)
83755 38550 6003
superior frontal sulcus (pair)
sulcus frontalis superior (par)
38698 9118
inferomedial surface (pair)
facies inferomedialis (par)
61857 6002 6002
superior frontal gyrus
gyrus frontalis superior
27469 12158
paracingulate sulcus (pair)
sulcus paracingularis (par)
27473 12159
paracingulate gyrus (pair)
gyrus paracingularis (par)
83782 38701 6044
paracentral sulcus (pair)
sulcus paracentralis (par)
77534 6045 6045
paracentral lobule
lobulus paracentralis
77537 6046 6046
anterior paracentral gyrus
gyrus paracentralis anterior
12237 12237
primary motor cortex
cortex motorius primarius
38710 8669
inferomedial prefrontal cortex (pair)
cortex prefrontalis inferomedialis (par)
38713 8670
medial prefrontal cortex (pair)
cortex prefrontalis medialis (par)
38716 8671
inferomedial premotor cortex (pair)
cortex premotorius inferomedialis (par)
38719 8672
medial premotor cortex (pair)
cortex premotorius medialis (par)
61890 38722 6047
subcallosal area (pair) ; subcallosal gyrus (pair)
area subcallosa (par) ; gyrus subcallosus (par)
61919 38725 6048
paraterminal gyrus (pair)
gyrus paraterminalis (par)
61890 38728 6049
paraolfactory area (pair)
area paraolfactoria (par)
72019 38731 6050
paraolfactory gyrus (pair)
gyrus paraolfactorius (par)
38735 6051
paraolfactory sulci (pair)
sulci paraolfactorii (par)
83744 38738 8673
anterior paraolfactory sulcus (pair)
sulcus paraolfactorius anterior (par)
83745 38741 8674
posterior paraolfactory sulcus (pair)
sulcus paraolfactorius posterior (par)
256194 38745 6052
orbital gyri (pair)
gyri orbitales (par)
62419 38748 8675
medial orbital gyrus (pair)
gyrus orbitalis medialis (par)
256196 38751 8676
anterior orbital gyrus (pair)
gyrus orbitalis anterior (par)
80184 38754 8677
posterior orbital gyrus (pair)
gyrus orbitalis posterior (par)
62418 38757 8678
lateral orbital gyrus (pair)
gyrus orbitalis lateralis (par)
27481 12160
posteromedial orbital lobule (pair)
lobulus orbitalis posteromedialis (par)
27547 12161
posterolateral orbital region (pair)
regio orbitalis posterolateralis (par)
83770 38761 6053
orbital sulci (pair)
sulci orbitales (par)
38764 8679
lateral orbital sulcus (pair)
sulcus orbitalis lateralis (par)
83771 38767 8680
transverse orbital sulcus (pair)
sulcus orbitalis transversus (par)
38770 8681
medial orbital sulcus (pair)
sulcus orbitalis medialis (par)
27863 12162
superior rostral sulcus (pair)
sulcus rostralis superior (par)
27894 12163
inferior rostral sulcus (pair)
sulcus rostralis inferior (par)
61893 38773 6054
straight gyrus (pair)
gyrus rectus (par)
83769 38776 6055
olfactory sulcus (pair)
sulcus olfactorius (par)
38779 8682
anterior perforated substance (pair) ; rostral perforated substance (pair)
substantia perforata anterior (par) ; substantia perforata rostralis (par)
38782 8683
olfactory structures (pair)
structurae olfactoriae (par)
77624 38785 6195
olfactory bulb (pair)
bulbus olfactorius (par)
77625 38788 6196
olfactory peduncle (pair)
pedunculus olfactorius (par)
77626 6197 6197
olfactory tract
tractus olfactorius
74883 38791 6198
olfactory trigone (pair)
trigonum olfactorium (par)
61891 6199 6199
olfactory tubercle
tuberculum olfactorium
38795 6200
olfactory striae (pair)
striae olfactoriae (par)
77627 38798 6201
medial olfactory stria (pair)
stria olfactoria medialis (par)
61971 38801 6202
lateral olfactory stria (pair)
stria olfactoria lateralis (par)
46174 14202
lateral olfactory tract (pair)
tractus olfactorius lateralis (par)
38804 8686
retrobulbar region (pair)
regio retrobulbaris (par)
38807 8687
piriform cortex (pair) ; primary olfactory cortex (pair)
cortex piriformis (par) ; cortex olfactorius primarius (par)
38810 8689
frontal part (pair)
pars frontalis (par)
38813 8690
temporal part (pair)
pars temporalis (par)
61826 38435 6004
parietal lobe (pair) P4 50 children
lobus parietalis (par)
38553 8698
superolateral surface (pair)
facies superolateralis (par)
61896 38556 6009
postcentral gyrus (pair)
gyrus postcentralis (par)
29945 12238
primary somatosensory cortex of postcentral gyrus (pair)
cortex somatosensorius primarius gyri postcentralis (par)
83774 38559 6010
postcentral sulcus (pair)
sulcus postcentralis (par)
61899 38562 6011
superior parietal lobule (pair)
lobulus parietalis superior (par)
83772 38565 6008
intraparietal sulcus (pair)
sulcus intraparietalis (par)
38568 8781
first intermediate sulcus (pair) ; anterior intermediate sulcus (pair)
sulcus intermedius primus (par) ; sulcus intermedius anterior (par)
38571 8782
second intermediate sulcus (pair) ; posterior intermediate sulcus (pair)
sulcus intermedius secundus (par) ; sulcus intermedius posterior (par)
9122 9122
transverse parietal sulcus
sulcus parietalis transversus
77536 38574 6006
inferior parietal lobule (pair)
lobulus parietalis inferior (par)
61898 38577 6005
angular gyrus (pair)
gyrus angularis (par)
74889 6007 6007
parietal operculum
operculum parietale
61897 38583 6012
supramarginal gyrus (pair)
gyrus supramarginalis (par)
38816 9120
inferomedial surface (pair)
facies inferomedialis (par)
77534 6045 6045
paracentral lobule
lobulus paracentralis
77538 6058 6058
posterior paracentral gyrus
gyrus paracentralis posterior
12239 12239
primary somatosensory cortex of posterior paracentral gyrus
cortex somatosensorius primarius gyri paracentralis posterioris
38825 9122
transverse parietal sulcus (pair)
sulcus parietalis transversus (par)
61900 38828 6059
precuneus (pair)
precuneus (par)
83777 6041 6041
subparietal sulcus
sulcus subparietalis
67325 38438 6013
occipital lobe (pair) P4 55 children
lobus occipitalis (par)
38586 8700
superolateral surface (pair)
facies superolateralis (par)
74892 38589 6014
occipital pole (pair)
polus occipitalis (par)
83788 38592 6015
lunate sulcus (pair)
sulcus lunatus (par)
83786 38595 6016
transverse occipital sulcus (pair)
sulcus occipitalis transversus (par)
61901 38598 8701
superior occipital gyrus (pair)
gyrus occipitalis superior (par)
61902 38601 8702
middle occipital gyrus (pair)
gyrus occipitalis medius (par)
273129 38604 8703
inferior occipital gyrus (pair)
gyrus occipitalis inferior (par)
274557 38607 8691
descending occipital gyrus (pair)
gyrus occipitalis descendens (par)
38610 8692
superolateral striate area (pair)
area striata superolateralis (par)
68614 9119 9119
primary visual cortex ; striate area
cortex visualis primarius ; area striata
38613 8784
superolateral extrastriate area (pair)
area extrastriata superolateralis (par)
38831 9125
inferomedial surface (pair)
facies inferomedialis (par)
61903 38834 6060
cuneus (pair)
cuneus (par)
83749 38837 6061
calcarine sulcus (pair)
sulcus calcarinus (par)
61904 38840 6062
lingual gyrus (pair) ; medial occipitotemporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus lingualis (par) ; gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis (par)
74518 38859 6065
occipitotemporal sulcus (pair) ; lateral occipitotemporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus occipitotemporalis (par) ; sulcus occipitotemporalis lateralis (par)
38849 8704
inferomedial striate area (pair)
area striata inferomedialis (par)
68614 9119 9119
primary visual cortex ; striate area
cortex visualis primarius ; area striata
38853 8709
inferomedial extrastriate area (pair)
area extrastriata inferomedialis (par)
61825 38441 6017
temporal lobe (pair) P4 82 children
lobus temporalis (par)
38616 8705
superolateral surface (pair)
facies superolateralis (par)
74890 38619 6018
temporal pole (pair)
polus temporalis (par)
61905 38622 6019
superior temporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus temporalis superior (par)
38625 8706
anterior part (pair) ; secondary auditory cortex (pair) ; ERR1
pars anterior (par) ; cortex auditorius secundarius (par)
38628 8708
posterior part (pair)
pars posterior (par)
74891 6020 6020
temporal operculum
operculum temporale
71043 38634 8710
polar plane (pair)
planum polare (par)
273671 38638 6021
transverse temporal gyri (pair)
gyri temporales transversi (par)
31170 12252
primary auditory cortex (pair) ; core area (pair)
cortex auditorius primarius (par)
61909 38641 6022
anterior transverse temporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus temporalis transversus anterior (par)
61910 38644 6023
posterior transverse temporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus temporalis transversus posterior (par)
71045 38647 6024
temporal plane (pair)
planum temporale (par)
83782 38651 6025
transverse temporal sulci (pair)
sulci temporales transversi (par)
38654 8711
anterior transverse temporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus temporalis transversus anterior (par)
38657 8712
intermediate transverse temporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus temporalis transversus intermedius (par)
38660 8713
posterior transverse temporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus temporalis transversus posterior (par)
83783 38663 6026
superior temporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus temporalis superior (par)
61906 38666 6027
middle temporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus temporalis medius (par)
83784 38669 6028
inferior temporal sulcus (pair)
sulcus temporalis inferior (par)
61907 38672 6029
inferior temporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus temporalis inferior (par)
38856 9129
inferomedial surface (pair)
facies inferomedialis (par)
61907 6029 6029
inferior temporal gyrus
gyrus temporalis inferior
74518 6065 6065
occipitotemporal sulcus ; lateral occipitotemporal sulcus
sulcus occipitotemporalis ; sulcus occipitotemporalis lateralis
61908 38843 6063
fusiform gyrus (pair) ; lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (pair)
gyrus fusiformis (par) ; gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis (par)
27933 12164
medial part of fusiform gyrus (pair)
pars medialis gyri fusiformis (par)
28290 12165
lateral part of fusiform gyrus (pair)
pars lateralis gyri fusiformis (par)
38862 8714
ectorhinal cortex (pair)
cortex ectorhinalis (par)
28302 12166
midfusiform sulcus (pair)
sulcus fusiformis medius (par)
83751 6042 6042
collateral sulcus ; medial occipitotemporal sulcus
sulcus collateralis ; sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis
61918 6070 6070
parahippocampal gyrus
gyrus parahippocampalis
67329 38675 6030
insula (par)
274526 38679 6031
insular gyri (pair)
gyri insulae (par)
67555 38682 6032
long gyri of insula (pair)
gyri longi insulae (par)
274723 45794 11498
anterior long gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus longus anterior insulae (par)
274729 45797 11508
posterior long gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus longus posterior insulae (par)
61913 38686 6033
short gyri of insula (pair)
gyri breves insulae (par)
274705 45800 11509
anterior short gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus brevis anterior insulae (par)
274711 45803 11510
middle short gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus brevis medius insulae (par)
274717 45806 11511
posterior short gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus brevis posterior insulae (par)
28314 12167
transverse gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus transversus insulae (par)
61915 45812 11513
anterior accessory gyrus of insula (pair)
gyrus accessorius anterior insulae (par)
83753 38692 6035
circular sulcus of insula (pair) ; periinsular sulcus (pair)
sulcus circularis insulae (par) ; sulcus periinsularis (par)
83779 38689 6034
superior central sulcus of insula (pair)
sulcus centralis superior insulae (par)
75266 38695 6036
limen of insula (pair)
limen insulae (par)
25261 9241
claustral peripaleocortical region (pair)
regio peripaleocorticalis claustralis (par)
72719 38865 6066
limbic lobe (pair) P4 137 children
lobus limbicus (par)
275048 38868 8717
limbic gyrus (pair) ; outer ring of limbic lobe (pair)
gyrus limbicus (par)
61890 6047 6047
subcallosal area ; subcallosal gyrus
area subcallosa ; gyrus subcallosus
62434 38871 6067
cingulate gyrus (pair) ; gyrus of cingulum (pair)
gyrus cingularis (par)
61916 38874 8718
anterior cingulate cortex (pair)
pars anterior (par)
276530 38877 8720
midcingulate cortex (pair)
pars media (par)
61924 38880 8726
posterior cingulate cortex (pair)
pars posterior (par)
9433 9433
retrosplenial cortex
cortex retrosplenialis
62502 38886 6068
isthmus of cingulate gyrus (pair)
isthmus gyri cingularis (par)
61918 38889 6070
parahippocampal gyrus (pair)
gyrus parahippocampalis (par)
38892 8740
entorhinal cortex (pair)
cortex entorhinalis (par)
38895 8741
white reticular matter (pair)
substantia reticularis alba (par)
38898 8742
hippocampal warts (pair)
verrucae hippocampi (par)
29864 8719
perirhinal cortex (pair)
cortex perirhinalis (par)
28484 9432
transentorhinal subregion (pair)
subregio transentorhinalis (par)
74884 38901 6071
uncus (pair)
uncus (par)
38904 8734
ambient gyrus (pair)
gyrus ambiens (par)
38907 8735
semianular sulcus (pair)
sulcus semianularis (par)
38910 8736
semilunar gyrus (pair)
gyrus semilunaris (par)
38913 8737
uncinate gyrus (pair)
gyrus uncinatus (par)
38916 8738
limbus of dentate gyrus (pair)
limbus fasciae dentatae (par)
275054 38919 8739
intralimbic gyrus (pair) ; uncal apex (pair)
gyrus intralimbicus (par)
83751 6042 6042
collateral sulcus ; medial occipitotemporal sulcus
sulcus collateralis ; sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis
83746 38922 6076
rhinal sulcus (pair)
sulcus rhinalis (par)
38925 8756
intrarhinal sulcus (pair)
sulcus intrarhinalis (par)
26489 12155
periamygdaloid region (pair)
regio periamygdaloidea (par)
74038 38928 8721
hippocampal formation (pair) ; inner ring of limbic lobe (pair)
formatio hippocampi (par)
277774 38931 8722
precommissural part of hippocampus (pair)
pars precommissuralis hippocampi (par)
38934 8723
supracommissural part of hippocampus (pair)
pars supracommissuralis hippocampi (par)
62439 38937 6083
lateral longitudinal stria (pair)
stria longitudinalis lateralis (par)
62488 38940 6082
indusium griseum (pair)
indusium griseum (par)
67956 38943 6084
medial longitudinal stria (pair)
stria longitudinalis medialis (par)
277777 38946 8724
proper hippocampus (pair) ; retrocommissural part of hippocampus (pair)
hippocampus proprius (par) ; pars retrocommissuralis hippocampi (par)
31867 12253
subdivisions of proper hippocampus (pair)
divisiones hippocampi proprii (par)
323277 39273 6146
pes of hippocampus (pair)
pes hippocampi (par)
39277 6147
hippocampal digitations (pair)
digitationes hippocampi (par)
275036 39280 9275
head of hippocampus (pair) ; anterior segment (pair)
caput hippocampi (par) ; segmentum anterius hippocampi (par)
275030 39283 9278
body of hippocampus (pair) ; middle segment of hippocampus (pair)
corpus hippocampi (par) ; segmentum medium hippocampi (par)
275042 39286 9294
tail of hippocampus (pair) ; posterior segment of hippocampus (pair)
cauda hippocampi (par) ; segmentum posterius hippocampi (par)
83747 38949 6072
hippocampal sulcus (pair)
sulcus hippocampalis (par)
61922 38952 6073
dentate gyrus (pair) ; dentate fascia (pair)
gyrus dentatus (par) ; fascia dentata (par)
83728 38955 6074
fimbriodentate sulcus (pair)
sulcus fimbriodentatus (par)
38959 8762
teeth of subiculum (pair) ; subsplenial gyri (pair) ; gyri of Andreas Retzius (pair)
dentes subiculi (par) ; gyri subspleniales (par)
61921 38962 6069
fasciolar gyrus (pair)
gyrus fasciolaris (par)
275093 38965 8757
fasciola cinerea (pair)
fasciola cinerea (par)
74414 39305 6149
subiculum (pair)
subiculum (par)
62486 29102 6148
presubiculum (pair)
presubiculum (par)
77604 29105 6145
parasubiculum (pair)
parasubiculum (par)
86464 6077 6077
corpus callosum P4 4 children
corpus callosum
61945 6078 6078
rostrum
rostrum
61946 6079 6079
genu
genu
61947 6080 6080
trunk ; body
truncus ; corpus
61948 6081 6081
splenium
splenium
61844 6098 6098
septum pellucidum P4 4 children
septum pellucidum
61874 6099 6099
cave
cavum
62472 28864 6100
layer (pair)
lamina (par)
32247 12096
internal morphology of telencephalon
morphologia interna telencephali
61830 38968 6124
cerebral cortex (pair)
cortex cerebri (par)
61830 38971 5972
pallium (pair)
pallium (par)
38974 8793
dorsal pallium (pair)
pallium dorsale (par)
38977 8798
lateral pallium (pair)
pallium laterale (par)
38980 8826
medial pallium (pair)
pallium mediale (par)
38983 8827
ventral pallium (pair)
pallium ventrale (par)
62429 38986 6130
isocortex (par) ; neocortex (par)
38989 8830
granular isocortex (pair)
isocortex granularis (par)
38992 8851
primary sensory areas (pair)
areae sensoriae primariae (par)
38995 8852
unimodal sensory areas (pair)
areae sensoriae unimodales (par)
38998 8853
higher order association areas (pair); principal association areas (pair)
areae associationis ordini magni (par); areae majores associationis (par)
39001 8868
agranular isocortex (pair)
isocortex agranularis (par)
39004 8869
primary motor area (pair)
area motoria primaria (par)
39008 8919
nonprimary motor areas (pair)
areae motoriae nonprimariae (par)
242257 39012 6131
layers of isocortex (pair)
strata isocorticis (par)
242259 39015 6132
molecular layer (pair) ; layer I (pair)
lamina molecularis (par) ; lamina I (par)
242264 39018 6133
external granular layer (pair) ; layer II (pair)
lamina granularis externa (par) ; lamina II (par)
242283 39021 6134
external pyramidal layer (pair) ; layer III (pair)
lamina pyramidalis externa (par) ; lamina III (par)
242298 39024 6135
internal granular layer (pair) ; layer IV (pair)
lamina granularis interna (par) ; lamina IV (par)
242313 39027 6136
internal pyramidal layer (pair) ; layer V (pair)
lamina pyramidalis interna (par) ; lamina V (par)
242333 39031 6137
multiform layer (pair) ; layer VI (pair)
lamina multiformis (par) ; lamina VI (par)
39035 8928
striae of myelinated fibres of isocortex (pair) ▲
striae fibrarum myelinatarum isocorticis (par)
77807 39038 6138
stria of molecular layer of isocortex (pair) ; layer 1 (pair) ; tangential layer (pair)
stria laminae molecularis (par) ; lamina 1 (par) ; lamina tangentialis (par)
39041 8929
superficial sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 1a (pair)
sublamina superficialis (par) ; sublamina 1a (par)
39044 8982
intermediate sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 1b (pair)
sublamina intermedia (par) ; sublamina 1b (par)
39047 9021
deep sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 1c (pair)
sublamina profunda (par) ; sublamina 1c (par)
39050 9022
dysfibrous layer (pair) ; layer 2 (pair)
lamina dysfibrosa (par) ; lamina 2 (par)
39053 9083
suprastriate layer (pair); layer 3 (pair)
lamina suprastriata (par) ; lamina 3 (par)
39056 9084
superficial sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 3a (pair)
sublamina superficialis (par) ; sublamina 3a (par)
39059 9085
intermediate sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 3b (pair)
sublamina intermedia (par) ; sublamina 3b (par)
39062 9086
deep sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 3c (pair)
sublamina profunda (par) ; sublamina 3c (par)
39065 9087
stria of external pyramidal layer of isocortex (pair) ; layer 4 (pair)
stria laminae pyramidalis externae (par) ; lamina 4 (par)
39068 9101
intrastriate layer (pair); sublayer 5a (pair)
lamina intrastriata (par) ; sublamina 5a (par)
77809 39071 6142
stria of internal pyramidal layer of isocortex (pair) ; sublayer 5b (pair)
stria laminae pyramidalis internae (par) ; sublamina 5b (par)
39074 9102
substriate and limiting layer (pair); layer 6 (pair)
lamina substriata limitans (par) ; lamina 6 (par)
39077 9109
substriate sublayer (pair); sublayer 6a (pair)
sublamina substriata (par) ; sublamina 6a (par)
39080 9110
limiting sublayer (pair) ; sublayer 6b (pair)
sublamina limitans (par) ; sublamina 6b (par)
39083 9114
vertical stria (pair)
stria verticalis (par)
39086 9116
cortical column of isocortex (pair)
columna corticalis isocorticis (par)
68614 39089 9119
primary visual cortex (pair) ; striate area (pair)
cortex visualis primarius (par) ; area striata (par)
75667 39092 6141
occipital stripe (pair)
stria occipitalis (par)
39095 9126
ocular dominance column (pair)
columna dominantiae ocularis (par)
39098 9127
orientation column (pair)
columna orientationis (par)
39101 9132
hypercolumn (pair)
hypercolumna (par)
39105 9135
neurons of isocortex (pair)
neura isocorticis (par)
39109 9139
projection neurons of isocortex (pair); pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair)
neura projectionis isocorticis (par) ; neura pyramidalia isocorticis (par)
28161 8814
large pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; large pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
neura pyramidalia magna isocorticis (par)
28165 8815
giant pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; giant pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
neura pyramidalia gigantea isocorticis (par)
39115 9143
commissural neurons of isocortex (pair)
neura commissuralia isocorticis (par)
39119 8816
middle pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; medium-sized pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
neura pyramidalia media isocorticis (par)
39123 9155
association neurons of isocortex (pair)
neura associationis isocorticis (par)
39127 8817
small pyramidal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; small pyramidal cells of isocortex (pair)
neura pyramidalia parva isocorticis (par)
39131 9170
interneurons of isocortex (pair)
interneura isocorticis (par)
28279 8818
excitatory interneurons of isocortex (pair) ; spiny interneurons of isocortex (pair)
interneura excitatoria isocorticis (par) ; interneura spinosa isocorticis (par)
28283 8819
spiny stellate neurons of isocortex (pair) ; spiny stellate cells of isocortex (pair)
neura stellata spinosa isocorticis (par)
28287 8820
inhibitory interneurons of isocortex (pair) ; smooth interneurons of isocortex (pair)
interneura inhibitoria isocorticis (par) ; interneura levia isocorticis (par)
28291 8821
axodendritic neurons of isocortex (pair) ; axodendritic cells of isocortex (pair)
neura axodendritica isocorticis (par)
28303 8822
bipolar neurons of isocortex (pair) ; bipolar cells of isocortex (pair)
neura bipolaria isocorticis (par)
28307 8823
horizontal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; horizontal cells of isocortex (pair)
neura horizontalia isocorticis (par)
28311 8824
multitufted neurons of isocortex (pair) ; multititufted cells of isocortex (pair)
neura multiplumosa isocorticis (par)
28315 8825
neurogliaform neurons of isocortex (pair) ; spiderweb cells of isocortex (pair); neurogliaform cells of isocortex (pair)
neura neurogliaformia isocorticis (par) ; neura araneiformia isocorticis (par)
28319 8828
double dendritic bouquet neurons of isocortex (pair); bitufted neurons of isocortex (pair) ; double dendritic bouquet cells of isocortex (pair)
neura racemiformia biracemiformia isocorticis (par) ; neura biplumosa isocorticis (par)
28295 8829
axosomatodendritic neurons of isocortex (pair) ; axosomatodendritic cells of isocortex (pair)
neura axosomatodendritica isocorticis (par)
28323 8831
large basket neurons of isocortex (pair); large basket cells of isocortex (pair)
neura corbiformia magna isocorticis (par)
28327 8832
small basket neurons of isocortex (pair); small basket cells of isocortex (pair)
neura corbiformia parva isocorticis (par)
28299 8833
axoaxonal neurons of isocortex (pair) ; axoaxonal cells of isocortex (pair)
neura axoaxonalia isocorticis (par)
28331 8834
chandelier neurons of isocortex (pair) ; chandelier cells of isocortex (pair)
neura candelaria isocorticis (par)
39148 9180
complexus claustroinsularis (par)
67440 39151 6187
claustrum (pair)
claustrum (par)
39154 9186
dorsal claustrum (pair) ; insular claustrum (pair)
claustrum dorsale (par) ; claustrum insulare (par)
39157 9187
ventral claustrum (pair) ; endopiriform nucleus (pair)
claustrum ventrale (par) ; nucleus endopiriformis (par)
39160 9188
insular cortex (pair)
cortex insularis (par)
39163 9189
agranular insular cortex (pair)
cortex insularis agranularis (par)
39166 9206
projection neurons of insular cortex (pair)
neura projectionis corticis insularis (par)
39169 9222
large bipolar neurons of insular cortex (pair) ; spindle cells of insular cortex (pair); large bipolar cells of insular cortex (pair)
neura bipolaria magna corticis insularis (par)
39172 9223
dysgranular insular cortex (pair)
cortex insularis dysgranularis (par)
39175 9227
granular insular cortex (pair)
cortex insularis granularis (par)
83687 39178 6128
allocortex (pair)
allocortex (par)
62430 39181 6126
paleocortex (pair) P4 122 children
paleocortex (par)
39185 9183
layers of olfactory bulb (pair)
strata bulbi olfactorii (par)
39188 9228
olfactory nerve layer (pair)
stratum neurofibrosum (par)
39191 9229
glomerular layer (pair)
stratum glomerulare (par)
39194 9230
olfactory glomerulus (pair)
glomerulus olfactorius (par)
39197 9231
external plexiform layer (pair)
stratum plexiforme externum (par)
39200 9232
mitral cell layer (pair)
stratum mitrale (par)
39203 9233
internal plexiform layer (pair)
stratum plexiforme internum (par)
39206 9234
granular layer (pair)
stratum granulare (par)
39210 9237
neurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura bulbi olfactorii (par)
28223 9332
projection neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); principal neurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura projectionis bulbi olfactorii (par) ; neura principalia bulbi olfactorii (par)
28227 9333
mitral neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; mitral cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura mitralia bulbi olfactorii (par)
28231 9334
tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura plumosa bulbi olfactorii (par)
28235 9335
external tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; external tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura plumosa externa bulbi olfactorii (par)
28239 9364
middle tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; middle tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura plumosa media bulbi olfactorii (par)
28243 9365
internal tufted neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; internal tufted cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura plumosa interna bulbi olfactorii (par)
28247 9366
interneurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
interneura bulbi olfactorii (par)
28251 9367
excitatory interneurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
interneura excitatoria bulbi olfactorii (par)
28255 9368
juxtaglomerular neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; juxtaglomerular cells of olfactory bulb (pair); short-axon cells (pair)
neura juxtaglomerularia bulbi olfactorii (par)
28259 9379
inhibitory interneurons of olfactory bulb (pair)
interneura inhibitoria bulbi olfactorii (par)
28263 9380
superficial granule neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); superficial granule cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura granularia superficialia bulbi olfactorii (par)
28267 9383
intermediate granule neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); intermediate granule cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura granularia intermedia bulbi olfactorii (par)
28271 9384
deep granule neurons of olfactory bulb (pair); deep granule cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura granularia profunda bulbi olfactorii (par)
28275 9387
periglomerular neurons of olfactory bulb (pair) ; periglomerular cells of olfactory bulb (pair)
neura periglomerularia bulbi olfactorii (par)
28335 6306
dopaminergic cells of olfactory bulb (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A16 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae bulbi olfactorii (par)
77628 39213 6182
layers of retrobulbar region (pair)
strata regionis retrobulbaris (par)
39216 9238
molecular layer (pair)
stratum moleculare (par)
39219 9239
dense cell layer (pair)
stratum densocellulare (par)
39222 9240
multiform layer (pair)
stratum multiforme (par)
39226 9242
layers of piriform cortex (pair)
strata corticis piriformis (par)
39229 9245
molecular layer (pair)
stratum moleculare (par)
39232 9246
dense cell layer (pair)
stratum densocellulare (par)
39235 9247
multiform layer (pair)
stratum multiforme (par)
39239 9243
layers of periamygdaloid region (pair)
strata regionis periamygdaloideae (par)
39242 9248
molecular layer (pair)
stratum moleculare (par)
39245 9250
dense cell layer (pair)
stratum densocellulare (par)
39249 9244
layers of claustral peripaleocortical region (pair)
strata regionis peripaleocorticalis claustralis (par)
39252 9251
molecular layer (pair)
stratum moleculare (par)
39255 9252
dense cell layer (pair)
stratum densocellulare (par)
39258 9253
dissecting layer (pair)
stratum dissecans (par)
39261 9272
multiform layer (pair)
stratum multiforme (par)
62424 39264 6125
archicortex (pair) P4 121 children
archicortex (par)
39290 9295
hippocampal fields (pair)
regiones hippocampi (par)
74042 39293 6151
CA1 field (pair)
cornu ammonis 1 (par)
72044 39296 6152
CA2 field (pair)
cornu ammonis 2 (par)
72045 39299 6153
CA3 field (pair)
cornu ammonis 3 (par)
75741 39302 6154
CA3h field (pair)
cornu ammonis 3h (par)
28169 6157
layers of hippocampus (pair) ; layers of Ammon's horn (pair)
strata hippocampi (par)
83149 28172 6158
lacunomolecular layer (pair)
stratum lacunomoleculare (par)
83894 28184 6161
radiate layer (pair)
stratum radiatum (par)
83895 28181 6160
pyramidal layer (pair)
stratum pyramidale (par)
83893 28175 6159
oriens layer (pair)
stratum oriens (par)
28188 9023
neurons of hippocampus (pair)
neura hippocampi (par)
28192 9298
projection neurons of hippocampus (pair); principal neurons of hippocampus (pair)
neura projectionis hippocampi (par)
28196 9299
pyramidal neurons of hippocampus (pair) ; pyramidal cells of hippocampus (pair)
neura pyramidalia hippocampi (par)
28200 9305
interneurons of hippocampus (pair)
interneura hippocampi (par)
28204 9307
inhibitory interneurons of hippocampus (pair)
interneura inhibitoria hippocampi (par)
28208 9312
basket neurons of hippocampus (pair); basket cells of hippocampus (pair)
neura corbiformia hippocampi (par)
28212 9326
bistratified neurons of hippocampus (pair) ; bistratified cells of hippocampus (pair)
neura bistratificata hippocampi (par)
28216 9328
chandelier neurons of hippocampus (pair) ; chandelier cells of hippocampus (pair); axoaxonic neurons of hippocampus (pair)
neura candelaria hippocampi (par)
31679 8764
white matter of hippocampus (pair) ; white substance of hippocampus (pair)
substantia alba hippocampi (par)
32090 13172
commissural tracts of hippocampus
tractus commissurales hippocampi
61970 6286 6286
hippocampal commissure; psalterium
commissura hippocampi ; psalterium
34735 9331
descending tracts of hippocampus ; descending tracts of origin in hippocampus
tractus descendentes hippocampi ; tractus descendentes originis hippocampi
61965 6091 6091
fornix
fornix
33889 8538
proper tracts of hippocampus ; intrinsic tracts of hippocampus
tractus proprii hippocampi ; tractus intrinsici hippocampi
28344 9396
mossy fibres of hippocampus
neurofibrae muscosae hippocampi
28348 9397
axonal collaterals of proper hippocampus
collaterales axonales hippocampi proprii
8539 8539
endfolial pathway
via endofolialis
28352 9398
hilar axonal collaterals of proper hippocampus
collaterales axonales hilares hippocampi proprii
83867 6156 6156
alveus
alveus hippocampi
83866 6075 6075
fimbria
fimbria hippocampi
83678 28356 6163
layers of dentate gyrus (pair)
strata gyri dentati (par)
83677 28359 6164
molecular layer of dentate gyrus (pair)
stratum moleculare gyri dentati (par)
83146 28362 6165
granular layer of dentate gyrus (pair)
stratum granulare gyri dentati (par)
72358 28365 6166
multiform layer of dentate gyrus (pair)
stratum multiforme gyri dentati (par)
28373 9399
neurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
neura gyri dentati (par)
28377 9400
projection neurons of dentate gyrus (pair); principal neurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
neura projectionis gyri dentati (par) ; neura principalia gyri dentati (par)
28381 9401
granule neurons of dentate gyrus (pair); granule cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
neura granularia gyri dentati (par)
28385 9402
interneurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
interneura gyri dentati (par)
28389 9403
excitatory interneurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
interneura excitatoria gyri dentati (par)
28393 9404
mossy neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; stellate neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; mossy cells of dentate gyrus (pair); stellate cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
neura muscosa gyri dentati (par) ; neura stellata gyri dentati (par)
28397 9405
inhibitory interneurons of dentate gyrus (pair)
interneura inhibitoria gyri dentati (par)
28401 9406
pyramidal basket neurons of dentate gyrus (pair); pyramidal basket cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
neura corbiformia pyramidalia gyri dentati (par)
28405 9407
chandelier neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; axoaxonal neurons of dentate gyrus (pair) ; chandelier cells of dentate gyrus (pair); axoaxonic cells of dentate gyrus (pair)
neura candelaria gyri dentati (par) ; neura axoaxonalia gyri dentati (par)
39309 11908
layers of subiculum (pair)
strata subiculi (par)
28418 8760
molecular layer of subiculum (pair)
stratum moleculare subiculi (par)
28421 8761
pyramidal layer of subiculum (pair)
stratum pyramidale subiculi (par)
28424 8763
multiform layer of subiculum (pair)
stratum multiforme subiculi (par)
84039 39311 6129
mesocortex (pair) P4 101 children
mesocortex (par)
39314 8920
proisocortex (pair)
proisocortex (par)
39317 8921
periallocortex (pair)
periallocortex (par)
39320 8922
peripaleocortex (pair)
peripaleocortex (par)
39323 8924
periarchicortex (pair)
periarchicortex (par)
28326 12168
layers of presubiculum (pair)
strata presubiculi (par)
28431 9411
molecular layer of presubiculum (pair)
stratum moleculare presubiculi (par)
28434 9412
external principal layer of presubiculum (pair)
stratum principale externum presubiculi (par)
28437 9413
internal principal layer of presubiculum (pair)
stratum principale internum presubiculi (par)
28428 12169
layers of parasubiculum (pair)
strata parasubiculi (par)
28444 9415
molecular layer of parasubiculum (pair)
stratum moleculare parasubiculi (par)
28447 9416
cellular layer of parasubiculum (pair)
stratum cellulare parasubiculi (par)
28451 9417
layers of entorhinal cortex (pair)
strata corticis entorhinalis (par)
28454 9418
molecular layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 1 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum moleculare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 1 corticis entorhinalis (par)
28457 9421
external principal layer of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum principale externum corticis entorhinalis (par)
28460 9422
cell island layer of entorhinal cortex (pair); layer 2 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum stellare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 2 corticis entorhinalis (par)
28463 9425
pyramidal layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 3 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum pyramidale corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 3 corticis entorhinalis (par)
28466 9427
dissecting layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 4 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
lamina dissecans corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 4 corticis entorhinalis (par)
28469 9428
internal principal layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 5 of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum principale internum corticis entorhinalis (par) ; lamina 5 corticis entorhinalis (par)
28472 9429
magnocellular layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; sublayer 5a of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum magnocellulare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; sublamina 5a corticis entorhinalis (par)
28475 9430
parvocellular layer of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; sublayer 5b of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum parvocellulare corticis entorhinalis (par) ; sublamina 5b corticis entorhinalis (par)
28478 9431
layer 5c of entorhinal cortex (pair) ; sublayer 5c of entorhinal cortex (pair)
stratum 5c corticis entorhinalis (par) ; sublamina 5c corticis entorhinalis (par)
45465 8766
layers of perirhinal cortex (pair)
strata corticis perirhinalis (par)
45468 8767
molecular layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 1 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
stratum moleculare corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 1 corticis perirhinalis (par)
45471 8768
cell island layer of perirhinal cortex (pair); layer 2 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
stratum stellare corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 2 corticis perirhinalis (par)
45474 8769
external pyramidal layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 3 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
stratum pyramidale externum corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 3 corticis perirhinalis (par)
45477 8770
dissecting layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 4 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
lamina dissecans corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 4 corticis perirhinalis (par)
25047 8771
internal pyramidal layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 5 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
stratum pyramidale internum corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 5 corticis perirhinalis (par)
25054 8772
multiform layer of perirhinal cortex (pair) ; layer 6 of perirhinal cortex (pair)
stratum multiforme corticis perirhinalis (par) ; lamina 6 corticis perirhinalis (par)
28499 9454
cingulate cortex (pair)
cortex cingularis (par)
28487 9433
retrosplenial cortex (pair)
cortex retrosplenialis (par)
28490 9434
ectosplenial cortex (pair)
cortex ectosplenialis (par)
28493 9443
granular retrosplenial cortex (pair)
cortex retrosplenialis granularis (par)
28496 9453
dysgranular retrosplenial cortex (pair)
cortex retrosplenialis dysgranularis (par)
83930 28502 9449
substantia alba hemispherii cerebri (par)
28505 9459
semioval centre (pair)
centrum semiovale (par)
61960 6267 6267
extreme capsule
capsula extrema
62076 9508 9508
temporal peduncle
pedunculus temporalis
77636 6275 6275
uncinate fasciculus of brain
fasciculus uncinatus cerebri
77633 6276 6276
(inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus )
(fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior )
61950 25276 6239
internal capsule (pair)
capsula interna (par)
61952 27895 6241
anterior limb (pair)
crus anterius (par)
76976 5877 5877
anterior thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica anterior ; radiatio anterior thalami
75223 6243 6243
frontopontine tract
tractus frontopontinus
61953 28517 6244
knee (pair)
genu (par)
75222 6245 6245
capsular part
pars capsularis
61954 27909 6246
posterior limb (pair)
crus posterius (par)
76978 5878 5878
central thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica centralis ; radiatio centralis thalami
8528 8528
corticoreticular tract
tractus corticoreticularis
9196 9196
corticorubral tract
tractus corticorubralis
8527 8527
corticospinal tract
tractus corticospinalis
27729 8525
corticothalamic fibres
fibrae corticothalamicae
33887 8535
parietopontine fibres
fibrae parietopontinae
27902 7574
thalamoparietal fibres
fibrae thalamoparietales
61957 28520 6254
retrolentiform limb (pair); retrolenticular limb (pair)
pars retrolentiformis (par)
33886 8534
occipitopontine fibres
fibrae occipitopontinae
6256 6256
occipitotectal fibres
fibrae occipitotectales
61941 5884 5884
optic radiation
radiatio optica
28829 12178
geniculocalcarine fibres
fibrae geniculocalcarinae
76982 5886 5886
posterior thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica posterior ; radiatio posterior thalami
61958 28523 6259
sublentiform limb (pair); sublenticular limb (pair)
pars sublentiformis (par)
8500 8500
acoustic radiation
radiatio acustica
28542 12176
geniculotemporal fibres
fibrae geniculotemporales
6261 6261
corticotectal fibres
fibrae corticotectales
61941 5884 5884
optic radiation
radiatio optica
28829 12178
geniculocalcarine fibres
fibrae geniculocalcarinae
33888 8536
temporopontine fibres
fibrae temporopontinae
27729 8525
corticothalamic fibres
fibrae corticothalamicae
260714 28015 7616
association tracts of telencephalon; association tracts of brain
tractus associationis originis telencephali ; tractus associationis cerebri
260717 6274 6274
short association fibres; U-fibres ▲
fibrae associationis breves; fibrae U-figuratae
77630 6273 6273
long association fibres ▲
fibrae associationis longae
14223 14223
superior longitudinal system
systema longitudinale superius
77631 6272 6272
superior longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis superior
9484 9484
superior longitudinal fasciculus I
fasciculus longitudinalis superior I
9485 9485
superior longitudinal fasciculus II
fasciculus longitudinalis superior II
9486 9486
superior longitudinal fasciculus III
fasciculus longitudinalis superior III
11829 11829
frontooccipital fasciculus
fasciculus frontooccipitalis
77634 6277 6277
(superior occipitofrontal fasciculus )
(fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior )
276650 6269 6269
arcuate fasciculus
fasciculus arcuatus
14203 14203
inferior longitudinal system
systema longitudinale inferius
14221 14221
inferior frontooccipital fasciculus
fasciculus frontooccipitalis inferior
77636 6275 6275
uncinate fasciculus of brain
fasciculus uncinatus cerebri
77633 6276 6276
(inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus )
(fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior )
14215 14215
middle longitudinal system
systema longitudinale medium
14222 14222
middle longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis medius
14216 14216
basal longitudinal system
systema longitudinale basale
77632 6271 6271
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis inferior
14217 14217
mesial longitudinal system
systema longitudinale mesiale
260761 6270 6270
cingulum
cingulum
14218 14218
anterior transverse system
systema transversum anterius
9510 9510
oblique frontal fasciculus ; frontal aslant tract
fasciculus frontalis obliquus
14219 14219
posterior transverse system
systema transversum posterius
83457 11830 11830
vertical temporoparietal fasciculus ; temporoparietal aslant tract
fasciculus temporoparietalis verticalis
46180 14220
lobar fibres of association
fibrae associationis lobares
9511 9511
orbitopolar frontal fasciculus
fasciculus frontalis orbitopolaris
9512 9512
frontomarginal fasciculus
fasciculus frontomarginalis
28566 6278
vertical occipital fasciculi
fasciculi occipitales verticales
28564 6279
lateral fibres
fibrae laterales
28565 6280
caudal fibres
fibrae caudales
6281 6281
horizontal occipital fasciculi
fasciculi occipitales horizontales
6282 6282
cuneate fibres
fibrae cuneatae
6283 6283
lingual fibres
fibrae linguales
61959 28508 6266
external capsule (pair)
capsula externa (par)
26535 8522
commissural tracts of telencephalon; commissural tracts of brain
tractus commissurales originis cerebri; tractus commissurales cerebri
6285 6285
fibres of corpus callosum
fibrae corporis callosi
77693 6085 6085
radiation of corpus callosum
radiatio corporis callosi
61944 6086 6086
lesser forceps ; frontal forceps
forceps minor ; forceps frontalis
61949 6087 6087
major forceps; occipital forceps
forceps major ; forceps occipitalis
77208 6088 6088
tapetum
tapetum
61970 6286 6286
hippocampal commissure; psalterium
commissura hippocampi ; psalterium
61961 5799 5799
anterior commissure
commissura anterior
61963 6089 6089
anterior part of anterior commissure
pars anterior commissurae anterioris
61964 6090 6090
posterior part of anterior commissure
pars posterior commissurae anterioris
25193 8524
descending tracts of origin in telencephalon
tractus descendentes originis cerebri
77637 9509 9509
subcallosal bundle
fasciculus subcallosus
84379 6193 6193
descending peduncular fasciculus
fasciculus peduncularis descendens
13173 13173
angular bundle
fasciculus angularis
9395 9395
perforating tract
tractus perforans
28655 9544
corticostriatal fibres
fibrae corticostriatales
27729 8525
corticothalamic fibres
fibrae corticothalamicae
6256 6256
occipitotectal fibres
fibrae occipitotectales
72634 8526 8526
pyramidal tract
tractus pyramidalis
9196 9196
corticorubral tract
tractus corticorubralis
8528 8528
corticoreticular tract
tractus corticoreticularis
12525 12525
corticonuclear tract
tractus corticonuclearis
8527 8527
corticospinal tract
tractus corticospinalis
32020 12543
corticopontine tracts
tractus corticopontini
25044 8532
frontopontine fibres
fibrae frontopontinae
33887 8535
parietopontine fibres
fibrae parietopontinae
33888 8536
temporopontine fibres
fibrae temporopontinae
33886 8534
occipitopontine fibres
fibrae occipitopontinae
18661 28514 6265
corona radiata (pair)
corona radiata (par)
61841 28665 6168
corpus amygdaloideum (par) ; complexus amygdaloideus (par) ; amygdala (par)
28669 9547
basolateral nuclei (pair)
nuclei basolaterales (par)
68855 28675 6173
basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae (par)
68858 28678 6174
basomedial amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
nucleus basalis medialis amygdalae (par)
77606 28672 6169
amygdaloclaustral transition area (pair)
area transitionis amygdaloclaustralis (par)
61866 28681 6178
lateral amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
nucleus lateralis amygdalae (par)
28685 9579
centromedial nuclei (pair)
nuclei centromediales (par)
74047 27210 6175
central amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
nucleus centralis amygdalae (par)
74046 28688 6179
medial amygdaloid nucleus (pair)
nucleus medialis amygdalae (par)
28692 9580
intercalated amygdaloid nuclei (pair)
nuclei intercalati amygdalae (par)
28695 9581
amygdalostriatal transition area (pair)
area transitionis amygdalostriatalis (par)
28698 9582
extended amygdala (pair)
amygdala extenta (par)
61884 28883 6185
bed nucleus of stria terminalis (pair)
nucleus striae terminalis (par)
28889 9123
lateral subdivision of bed nucleus of stria terminalis (pair)
divisio lateralis nuclei striae terminalis (par)
28892 9124
medial subdivision of bed nucleus of stria terminalis (pair)
divisio medialis nuclei striae terminalis (par)
77609 28886 6186
sublenticular extended amygdala (pair)
pars sublenticularis amygdalae (par)
77699 28895 6177
interstitial amygdaloid nucleus (pair); interstitial nucleus of posterior part of anterior commissure (pair)
nucleus interstitialis amygdalae (par) ; nucleus interstitialis partis posterioris commissurae anterioris (par)
28701 9583
olfactory amygdala (pair)
amygdala olfactoria (par)
61861 28901 6172
anterior amygdaloid area (pair)
area amygdaloidea anterior (par)
28910 9846
anterior cortical nucleus of amygdala (pair)
nucleus corticalis anterior amygdalae (par)
28913 9847
posterior cortical nucleus of amygdala (pair)
nucleus corticalis posterior amygdalae (par)
28916 9848
ventral cortical nucleus of amygdala (pair)
nucleus corticalis ventralis amygdalae (par)
61865 28919 6180
nucleus of lateral olfactory stria (pair)
nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis (par)
77607 28904 6170
amygdalohippocampal transition area (pair)
area transitionis amygdalohippocampalis (par)
77608 28907 6171
amygdalopiriform transition area (pair)
area transitionis amygdalopiriformis (par)
62485 28922 6181
periamygdaloid cortex (pair) ; parahippocampal amygdaloid transition area (pair)
cortex periamygdaloideus (par)
31842 8786
white matter of amygdaloid body (pair)
substantia alba corporis amygdaloidei (par)
27729 8525
corticothalamic fibres
fibrae corticothalamicae
61974 6111 6111
stria terminalis
stria terminalis
8544 8544
ventral amygdalofugal bundle
fasciculus amygdalofugiens ventralis
25797 8126
amygdalotegmental fibres
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
77616 28659 6230
subpallium (pair) P4 14 children
subpallium (par)
77618 28083 6231
striatum (pair)
striatum (par)
83684 28102 6233
pallidum (pair)
pallidum (par)
28662 9545
diagonal band area (pair)
area diagonalis (par)
62313 27958 5785
preoptic area (pair)
area preoptica (par)
28736 6216
basal nuclei (pair) P4 162 children
nuclei basales (par)
61833 28739 6217
caudate nucleus (pair)
nucleus caudatus (par)
61852 28742 6218
head of caudate nucleus (pair)
caput nuclei caudati (par)
61853 28745 6219
body of caudate nucleus (pair)
corpus nuclei caudati (par)
61854 28748 6220
tail of caudate nucleus (pair)
cauda nuclei caudati (par)
77615 28751 6221
lentiform nucleus (pair) ; lenticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus lentiformis (par) ; nucleus lenticularis (par)
61834 28754 6222
putamen (pair)
putamen (par)
62469 6223 6223
lateral medullary layer ; external medullary layer
lamina medullaris lateralis ; lamina medullaris externa
61839 28760 6224
lateral segment of globus pallidus (pair); external segment of globus pallidus (pair)
globus pallidus lateralis (par); globus pallidalis externus (par)
62470 6225 6225
medial medullary layer ; internal medullary layer
lamina medullaris medialis ; lamina medullaris interna
61840 28766 6226
medial segment of globus pallidus (pair); internal segment of globus pallidus (pair)
globus pallidus medialis (par); globus pallidalis internus (par)
28769 6227
lateral part (pair)
pars lateralis (par)
62471 28772 6228
accessory medullary layer (pair)
lamina medullaris accessoria (par)
28775 6229
medial part (pair)
pars medialis (par)
28778 9839
grey matter of striatum (pair)
substantia grisea striati (par)
77620 28781 6232
dorsal striatum (pair)
striatum dorsale (par)
28784 9840
grey matter of caudate nucleus (pair)
substantia grisea nuclei caudati (par)
28787 9841
striosome (pair)
striosoma (par)
28790 9842
striatal matrix (pair)
matrix striatalis (par)
28794 6240
caudatolenticular grey bridges (pair) ; transcapsular grey bridges (pair)
pontes grisei caudatolenticulares (par) ; pontes grisei transcapsulares (par)
77614 28800 6205
ventral striatum (pair)
striatum ventrale (par)
28803 9844
fundus of striatum (pair)
fundus striati (par)
61889 28806 6206
nucleus accumbens (pair)
nucleus accumbens (par)
77385 28809 6207
central part (pair) ; core region (pair)
pars centralis (par)
77386 28812 6208
medial part (pair) ; shell region (pair)
pars medialis (par)
61891 44796 6199
olfactory tubercle (pair)
tuberculum olfactorium (par)
28816 6194
olfactory insulae (pair) ; terminal insulae (pair) ; olfactory islands (pair); terminal islands (pair)
insulae olfactoriae (par) ; insulae terminales (par)
28964 9852
neurons of striatum (pair)
neura striati (par)
28995 9853
projection neurons of striatum (pair); principal neurons of striatum (pair)
neura projectionis striati (par) ; neura principalia striati (par)
28999 8791
middle spiny neurons of striatum (pair) ; medium-sized spiny cells of striatum (pair)
neura spinosa magnitudinis mediae striati (par)
29003 8792
interneurons of striatum (pair)
interneura striati (par)
29007 8794
excitatory interneurons of striatum (pair)
interneura excitatoria striati (par)
29011 8795
cholinergic interneurons of striatum (pair) ; aspiny type II cholinergic interneurons (pair)
interneura cholinergica striati (par)
29015 8797
inhibitory interneurons of striatum (pair)
interneura inhibitoria striati (par)
29019 8799
GABAergic interneurons of striatum (pair) ; aspiny type I GABAergic interneurons (pair)
interneura GABAergica striati (par)
28819 9845
grey matter of pallidum (pair)
substantia grisea pallidi (par)
77619 28099 6234
dorsal pallidum (pair) ; globus pallidus (pair)
pallidum dorsale (par) ; globus pallidalis (par)
28105 9145
ventral pallidum (pair)
pallidum ventrale (par)
28968 8800
neurons of globus pallidus (pair)
neura globi pallidi (par)
28972 8801
projection neurons of globus pallidus (pair); principal neurons of globus pallidus (pair)
neura projectionis globi pallidi (par) ; neura principalia globi pallidi (par)
28976 8804
large cells of globus pallidus (pair)
neura magna globi pallidi (par)
28979 8805
white matter of basal nuclei (pair)
substantia alba nucleorum basalium (par)
28983 8806
striatal tracts (pair)
tractus striatales (par)
61960 6267 6267
extreme capsule
capsula extrema
61959 6266 6266
external capsule
capsula externa
77637 9509 9509
subcallosal bundle
fasciculus subcallosus
62070 5874 5874
ansa lenticularis
ansa lenticularis
61976 5875 5875
lenticular fasciculus
fasciculus lenticularis
77525 5888 5888
subthalamic fasciculus
fasciculus subthalamicus
62065 5890 5890
thalamic fasciculus
fasciculus thalamicus
28987 8807
striatal pathways (pair)
connexus striatales (par)
29032 8808
striatal afferent pathways (pair)
connexus afferentes striatales (par)
28655 9544
corticostriatal fibres
fibrae corticostriatales
33905 8543
amygdalostriatal fibres
fibrae amygdalostriatales
28079 7918
thalamostriatal fibres
fibrae thalamostriatales
25254 8485
nigrostriatal fibres
fibrae nigrostriatales
29036 8809
striatal efferent pathways (pair)
connexus efferentes striatales (par)
33917 8546
striatopallidal fibres
fibrae striatopallidales
25146 8118
striatonigral fibres
fibrae striatonigrales
28991 8810
pallidal pathways (pair)
connexus pallidales (par)
29040 8811
afferent pallidal pathways (pair)
connexus pallidales afferentes (par)
33917 8546
striatopallidal fibres
fibrae striatopallidales
28086 7922
subthalamopallidal fibres
fibrae subthalamopallidales
29044 8812
efferent pallidal pathways (pair) ; pallidofugal fibres (pair) ▲
connexus pallidales efferentes (par) ; fibrae pallidofugales (par)
33928 8547
pallidosubthalamic fibres
fibrae pallidosubthalamicae
33929 8548
pallidothalamic fibres
fibrae pallidothalamicae
33930 8549
pallidohabenular fibres
fibrae pallidohabenulares
33931 8550
pallidonigral fibres
fibrae pallidonigrales
33932 8551
pallidotegmental fibres
fibrae pallidotegmentales
77700 28704 6167
pars basalis telencephali proprii (par)
61887 28707 6183
basal substance (pair)
substantia basalis (par)
61887 28925 6184
basal nucleus (pair)
nucleus basalis (par)
28945 9849
cholinergic cells of basal substance (pair)
cellulae cholinergicae substantiae basalis (par)
28929 6316
cholinergic cells of medial septal nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch1 (pair)
cellulae cholinergicae nuclei septalis medialis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch1 (par)
28933 6317
cholinergic cells of vertical limb of diagonal band (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch2 (pair)
cellulae cholinergicae cruris verticalis striae diagonalis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch2 (par)
28937 6318
cholinergic cells of horizontal limb of diagonal band (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch3 (pair)
cellulae cholinergicae cruris horizontalis striae diagonalis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch3 (par)
28941 6319
cholinergic cells of basal nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic cells Ch4 (pair)
cellulae cholinergicae nuclei basalis (par) ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch4 (par)
61884 6185 6185
bed nucleus of stria terminalis
nucleus striae terminalis
77609 6186 6186
sublenticular extended amygdala
pars sublenticularis amygdalae
61973 28948 6188
diagonal band (pair)
stria diagonalis (par)
77611 28951 6189
horizontal limb of diagonal band (pair)
crus horizontale striae diagonalis (par)
77612 28954 6190
vertical limb of diagonal band (pair)
crus verticale striae diagonalis (par)
61882 28957 6191
nucleus of diagonal band (pair)
nucleus striae diagonalis (par)
61885 28960 6192
innominate substance (pair)
substantia innominata (par)
28711 6209
septal nuclei (pair)
nuclei septales (par)
61877 28717 6210
dorsal septal nucleus (pair)
nucleus septalis dorsalis (par)
61878 28720 6211
lateral septal nucleus (pair)
nucleus septalis lateralis (par)
61879 28723 6212
medial septal nucleus (pair)
nucleus septalis medialis (par)
77547 28714 6101
precommissural septal nucleus (pair)
nucleus septalis precommissuralis (par)
61881 28726 6213
septofimbrial nucleus (pair)
nucleus septofimbrialis (par)
61880 28729 6214
triangular septal nucleus (pair)
nucleus septalis triangularis (par)
25128 8623
nuclei of preoptic area (pair)
nuclei areae preopticae (par)
62326 27961 5915
lateral preoptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus preopticus lateralis (par)
67890 27967 5916
medial preoptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus preopticus medialis (par)
62323 27970 5917
median preoptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus preopticus medianus (par)
62324 27973 5919
periventricular preoptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus preopticus periventricularis (par)
27976 8624
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis (par)
27980 5914
interstitial nuclei (pair)
nuclei interstitiales (par)
27983 8625
sexual dimorphic nucleus (pair)
nucleus dimorphus sexualis (par)
27987 8626
dopaminergic cells of preoptic area (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A15 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae areae preopticae (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A15 (par)
62008 5779 5779
hypothalamus P3 150 children
hypothalamus
28862 8613
morphologia externa hypothalami
74877 44681 5780
mammillary body (pair)
corpus mammillare (par)
74628 3540 3540
neurohypophysis ; posterior lobe
neurohypophysis ; lobus posterior
74635 3541 3541
infundibulum
infundibulum
74636 3542 3542
nervous part ; nervous lobe
pars nervosa ; lobus nervosus
62045 5781 5781
optic chiasm
chiasma opticum
62046 5782 5782
optic tract
tractus opticus
62327 5786 5786
tuber cinereum
tuber cinereum
29079 8612
internal morphology of hypothalamus
morphologia interna hypothalami
83915 9035 9035
substantia grisea hypothalami
62027 27700 5911
anterior hypothalamic area (pair) ; chiasmatic hypothalamic area (pair)
area hypothalamica anterior (par) ; area hypothalamica chiasmatica (par)
62319 25575 5912
anterior hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
nucleus anterior hypothalami (par)
25609 5913
anterior periventricular nucleus (pair)
nucleus periventricularis anterior (par)
62320 25611 5918
paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (pair)
nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami (par)
67883 25654 5920
suprachiasmatic nucleus (pair)
nucleus suprachiasmaticus (par)
62317 27549 5921
supraoptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus supraopticus (par)
76770 27550 5922
dorsolateral part (pair)
pars dorsolateralis (par)
76771 31603 5923
dorsomedial part (pair)
pars dorsomedialis (par)
76772 31605 5924
ventromedial part (pair)
pars ventromedialis (par)
27695 7487
anterior part of lateral hypothalamic area (pair)
pars anterior areae hypothalamicae lateralis (par)
27385 6305
dopaminergic cells of anterior hypothalamic area (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A14 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae areae hypothalamicae anterioris (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A14 (par)
62028 27390 5929
intermediate hypothalamic area (pair); chiasmatic hypothalamic area (pair)
area hypothalamica intermedia (par) ; area hypothalamica chiasmatica (par)
62331 27396 5931
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami (par)
62329 45156 5932
arcuate nucleus (pair) ; infundibular nucleus (pair)
nucleus arcuatus (par) ; nucleus infundibularis (par)
27388 6303
dopaminergic cells of arcuate nucleus (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A12 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae nuclei arcuati (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A12 (par)
62349 27393 5934
posterior periventricular nucleus (pair)
nucleus periventricularis posterior (par)
62330 27401 5935
retrochiasmatic area (pair)
area retrochiasmatica (par)
27429 5936
lateral tuberal nuclei (pair)
nuclei tuberales laterales (par)
62332 27431 5937
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami (par)
77688 27435 5940
perifornical nucleus (pair)
nucleus perifornicalis (par)
25865 7524
tuberal part of lateral hypothalamic area (pair)
pars tuberalis areae hypothalamicae lateralis (par)
62029 27438 5942
posterior hypothalamic area (pair) ; hypothalamic area of mammillary body (pair)
area hypothalamica posterior (par) ; area hypothalamica corporis mammillaris (par) ; ERR1
27569 8602
posterior part of lateral hypothalamic area (pair)
pars posterior areae hypothalamicae lateralis (par)
77006 27824 5943
dorsal premammillary nucleus (pair)
nucleus premammillaris dorsalis (par)
77007 27885 5947
ventral premammillary nucleus (pair)
nucleus premammillaris ventralis (par)
62335 27921 5941
tuberomammillary nucleus (pair)
nucleus tuberomammillaris (par)
62341 30713 5944
lateral mammillary nucleus (pair)
nucleus mammillaris lateralis (par)
62342 30724 5945
medial mammillary nucleus (pair)
nucleus mammillaris medialis (par)
62347 31614 5946
supramammillary nucleus (pair)
nucleus supramammillaris (par)
62350 31695 5948
posterior hypothalamic nucleus (pair)
nucleus posterior hypothalami (par)
31769 5950
hypothalamic zones (pair)
zonae hypothalamicae (par)
77682 31706 5951
periventricular zone (pair)
zona periventricularis (par)
77683 31722 5952
medial zone (pair)
zona medialis (par)
77684 31734 5953
lateral zone (pair)
zona lateralis (par)
83933 5954 5954
substantia alba hypothalami
27930 8615
intrinsic tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
tractus intrinsici hypothalami (par)
5966 5966
periventricular fibres of hypothalamus
fibrae periventriculares hypothalami
27934 8617
commissural tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
tractus commissurales hypothalami (par)
27937 7591
supraoptic commissures
commissurae supraopticae
62051 5956 5956
dorsal supraoptic commissure
commissura supraoptica dorsalis
62052 5968 5968
ventral supraoptic commissure
commissura supraoptica ventralis
27948 8618
long tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
tractus longi hypothalami (par)
27951 7593
afferent tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
tractus afferentes hypothalami (par)
8751 8751
descending posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior descendens ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis descendens
61974 6111 6111
stria terminalis
stria terminalis
8544 8544
ventral amygdalofugal bundle
fasciculus amygdalofugiens ventralis
61965 6091 6091
fornix
fornix
62061 8040 8040
mammillary peduncle
pedunculus mammillaris
77010 5969 5969
retinohypothalamic tract
tractus retinohypothalamicus
5330 5330
spinohypothalamic fibres
fibrae spinohypothalamicae
27955 8621
efferent tracts of hypothalamus (pair)
tractus efferentes hypothalami (par)
7939 7939
principal mammillary fasciculus
fasciculus mammillaris principalis
8654 8654
mammillothalamic fasciculus ; mamillothalamic tract ▲
fasciculus mammillothalamicus
8655 8655
mammillotegmental fasciculus
fasciculus mammillotegmentalis
7950 7950
descending medial fasciculus of prosencephalon ; descending medial forebrain bundle
fasciculus prosencephali medialis descendens
7963 7963
hypothalamocortical fibres
fibrae hypothalamocorticales
77008 33952 5959
hypothalamohypophysial tracts
tractus hypothalamohypophysiales
77009 8656 8656
paraventriculohypophysial tract
tractus paraventriculohypophysialis
8657 8657
supraopticohypophysial tract
tractus supraopticohypophysialis
77482 8415 8415
hypothalamospinal tract
tractus hypothalamospinalis
62001 5263 5263
diencephalon P3 404 children
diencephalon
27485 7511
morphologia externa diencephali
62010 39327 5775
prethalamus (pair)
prethalamus (par)
26915 9028
prethalamic eminence (pair)
eminentia prethalamica (par)
62080 5774 5774
stria medullaris of prethalamus; stria medullaris of thalamus
stria medullaris prethalami ; stria medullaris thalami
62007 39330 5769
thalamus (pair)
thalamus (par)
74867 39333 5770
anterior thalamic tubercle (pair)
tuberculum anterius thalami (par)
62178 39336 5772
pulvinar (pair)
pulvinar (par)
62023 39339 5776
metathalamus (pair)
metathalamus (par)
62209 5777 5777
lateral geniculate body
corpus geniculatum laterale
62211 5778 5778
medial geniculate body
corpus geniculatum mediale
62009 5765 5765
epithalamus
epithalamus
62032 39348 5766
habenula (pair)
habenula (par)
62048 5792 5792
habenular commissure
commissura habenulae
78466 39351 5767
sulcus of habenula (pair)
sulcus habenulae (par) ; sulcus habenularis (par)
74868 39354 5768
habenular trigone (pair)
trigonum habenulare (par)
62033 3543 3543
pineal gland ; pineal body
glandula pinealis ; corpus pineale
9185 9185
pretectum
pretectum
62072 5794 5794
posterior commissure
commissura posterior
28867 7512
internal morphology of diencephalon
morphologia interna diencephali
83917 9033 9033
substantia grisea prethalami
62026 39357 5849
reticular nucleus of prethalamus (pair) ; reticular nucleus of thalamus (pair)
nucleus reticularis prethalami (par) ; nucleus reticularis thalami (par)
62215 39360 5904
ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (pair); pregeniculate nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventralis corporis geniculati lateralis (par) ; nucleus pregeniculatus (par)
27806 5894
nuclei of perizonal field (pair)
nuclei campi perizonalis (par)
62037 27812 5895
nucleus of medial field (pair) ; H field (pair)
nucleus campi medialis (par)
77526 27818 5896
nucleus of dorsal field (pair) ; H1 field (pair)
nucleus campi dorsalis (par)
27821 5897
nucleus of ventral field (pair) ; H2 field (pair)
nucleus campi ventralis (par)
62038 27831 5898
zona incerta (pair)
zona incerta (par)
29964 6304
dopaminergic cells of zona incerta (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A13 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae zonae incertae (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A13 (par)
83914 39363 5813
substantia grisea thalami (par)
39366 5814
anterior nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; anterior region of thalamus (pair)
nuclei anteriores thalami (par) ; regio anterior thalami (par)
62141 39369 5815
anterodorsal nucleus (pair)
nucleus anterodorsalis (par)
62142 39372 5816
anteromedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus anteromedialis (par)
62143 39375 5817
anteroventral nucleus (pair)
nucleus anteroventralis (par)
62176 26934 5819
dorsal superficial nucleus (pair); laterodorsal nucleus (pair); ERR1
nucleus dorsalis lateralis (par)
26919 5832
medial nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; medial region of thalamus (pair)
nuclei mediales thalami (par) ; regio medialis thalami (par)
62156 26922 5833
mediodorsal nucleus (pair)
nucleus mediodorsalis (par)
62162 26925 5834
parvocellular nucleus (pair); lateral nucleus (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par) ; nucleus lateralis (par)
62161 26928 5835
magnocellular nucleus (pair); medial nucleus (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par) ; nucleus medialis (par)
62160 26931 5836
paralaminar part (pair)
pars paralaminaris (par)
26938 5826
intralaminar nuclei of thalamus (pair)
nuclei intralaminares thalami (par)
26942 8628
anterior intralaminar nuclei (pair)
nuclei intralaminares anteriores (par)
62171 26956 5828
central medial nucleus (pair)
nucleus centralis medialis (par)
62172 26959 5830
paracentral nucleus (pair)
nucleus paracentralis (par)
62170 26953 5827
central lateral nucleus (pair)
nucleus centralis lateralis (par)
29002 12224
cucullar nucleus (pair)
nucleus cucullaris (par)
26946 8629
central intralaminar nuclei (pair)
nuclei intralaminares centrales (par)
62165 26962 5829
centromedian nucleus (pair)
nucleus centromedianus (par)
62166 26965 5831
parafascicular nucleus (pair)
nucleus parafascicularis (par)
26971 8630
subparafascicular nucleus (pair)
nucleus subparafascicularis (par)
26950 8631
posterior intralaminar nuclei (pair)
nuclei intralaminares posteriores (par)
62220 26974 5846
limitans nucleus (pair)
nucleus limitans (par)
62222 26977 5848
suprageniculate nucleus (pair)
nucleus suprageniculatus (par)
26981 5850
lateral nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; ventral region of thalamus (pair)
nuclei laterales thalami (par) ; regio ventralis thalami (par)
62184 26984 5863
ventral anterior nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventralis anterior (par)
26987 5864
magnocellular division (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
26990 5865
principal division (pair)
pars principalis (par)
26994 5860
lateral ventral nuclei (pair)
nuclei ventrales laterales (par)
26997 5861
anterior ventrolateral nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventrolateralis anterior (par)
27000 5862
posterior ventrolateral nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventrolateralis posterior (par)
27003 5855
medial ventral nuclei (pair)
nuclei ventrales mediales (par)
27006 5856
basal ventromedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventromedialis basalis (par)
27009 5857
principal ventromedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventromedialis principalis (par)
27012 5858
submedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus submedialis (par)
27015 8632
posterior ventromedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventromedialis posterior (par)
27019 5851
ventrobasal nuclei (pair)
nuclei ventrobasales (par)
84350 27022 5852
ventral posterolateral nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (par)
27034 9026
anterior part (pair)
pars anterior (par)
27037 9029
posterior part (pair)
pars posterior (par)
62202 27025 5853
ventral posteromedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (par)
62207 27031 5854
parvocellular part (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par)
62199 27040 5859
ventral posteroinferior nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventralis posteroinferior (par)
27044 5838
periventricular nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; midline nuclei (pair)
nuclei periventriculares thalami (par)
62151 27047 5839
parataenial nucleus (pair)
nucleus parataenialis (par)
62152 27050 5840
paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (pair)
nucleus paraventricularis thalami (par)
62153 27053 5843
medioventral nucleus (pair) ; reuniens nucleus (pair)
nucleus medioventralis (par) ; nucleus reuniens (par)
27057 5845
posterior nuclei of thalamus (pair) ; posterior region of thalamus (pair)
nuclei posteriores thalami (par) ; regio posterior thalami (par)
62177 27060 5820
lateral posterior nucleus (pair)
nucleus lateralis posterior (par)
27064 5821
pulvinar nuclei (pair)
nuclei pulvinares (par)
62180 27067 5822
anterior pulvinar nucleus (pair)
nucleus pulvinaris anterior (par)
62183 27070 5823
inferior pulvinar nucleus (pair)
nucleus pulvinaris inferior (par)
62181 27073 5824
lateral pulvinar nucleus (pair)
nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (par)
62182 27076 5825
medial pulvinar nucleus (pair)
nucleus pulvinaris medialis (par)
27692 7521
geniculate bodies (pair) ; geniculate nuclei (pair) ; geniculate region (pair)
corpora geniculata (par) ; nuclei geniculati thalami (par) ; regio geniculata (par)
62209 39342 5777
lateral geniculate body (pair)
corpus geniculatum laterale (par)
62214 39378 5900
dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (pair)
nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati lateralis (par)
76988 27688 5901
koniocellular layers (pair)
strata koniocellularia (par)
39381 5902
magnocellular layers (pair)
strata magnocellularia (par)
39384 5903
parvocellular layers (pair)
strata parvocellularia (par)
62211 39345 5778
medial geniculate body (pair)
corpus geniculatum mediale (par)
39387 5906
nuclei of medial geniculate body (pair)
nuclei corporis geniculati medialis (par)
62217 39390 5907
ventral principal nucleus (pair)
nucleus ventralis (par)
62216 39393 5908
dorsal nucleus (pair)
nucleus dorsalis (par)
62218 39396 5909
medial magnocellular nucleus (pair)
nucleus magnocellularis medialis (par)
83932 39399 5870
substantia alba thalami (par)
31846 9024
central roots of thalamus (pair)
radices centrales thalami (par)
62046 5782 5782
optic tract
tractus opticus
27716 8292
intrinsic tracts of thalamus (pair)
tractus proprii thalami (par)
62469 5871 5871
external medullary lamina
lamina medullaris lateralis
62470 5872 5872
internal medullary lamina
lamina medullaris medialis
5880 5880
intrathalamic fibres
fibrae intrathalamicae
5885 5885
periventricular fibres of thalamus
fibrae periventriculares thalami
26329 8307
long tracts of thalamus (pair)
tractus longi thalami (par)
27725 8311
ascending spinal tracts (pair)
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
77766 12531 12531
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
27728 8318
spinothalamic fibres
fibrae spinothalamicae
7958 7958
cervicothalamic tract
tractus cervicothalamicus
27850 8633
ascending brain stem tracts (pair)
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
83675 5298 5298
medial lemniscus
lemniscus medialis
83852 34075 8426
trigeminothalamic tracts
tractus trigeminothalamici
12170 12170
lateral trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis
5462 5462
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
72500 5463 5463
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
8430 8430
vestibulothalamic tract
tractus vestibulothalamicus
71114 5583 5583
brachium of inferior colliculus
brachium colliculi inferioris
72417 5584 5584
brachium of superior colliculus
brachium colliculi superioris
72495 5760 5760
superior cerebellar peduncle
pedunculus cerebellaris superior
27854 8634
efferent telencephalic tracts (pair)
tractus efferentes telencephali (par)
27729 8525
corticothalamic fibres
fibrae corticothalamicae
62070 5874 5874
ansa lenticularis
ansa lenticularis
61976 5875 5875
lenticular fasciculus
fasciculus lenticularis
62065 5890 5890
thalamic fasciculus
fasciculus thalamicus
8654 8654
mammillothalamic fasciculus ; mamillothalamic tract ▲
fasciculus mammillothalamicus
27868 8635
efferent tracts of thalamus (pair) ; thalamic radiations (pair)
tractus efferentes thalami (par) ; radiationes thalamicae (par)
76976 5877 5877
anterior thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica anterior ; radiatio anterior thalami
27730 8498
thalamofrontal fibres
fibrae thalamofrontales
76978 5878 5878
central thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica centralis ; radiatio centralis thalami
27902 7574
thalamoparietal fibres
fibrae thalamoparietales
76980 5879 5879
inferior thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica inferior ; radiatio inferior thalami
33980 5876
thalamotemporal fibres
fibrae thalamotemporales
62071 7618 7618
ansa peduncularis
ansa peduncularis
8500 8500
acoustic radiation
radiatio acustica
76982 5886 5886
posterior thalamic radiation
radiatio thalamica posterior ; radiatio posterior thalami
61941 5884 5884
optic radiation
radiatio optica
7923 7923
anterior bundle
fasciculus anterior
7924 7924
central bundle
fasciculus centralis
7925 7925
dorsal bundle
fasciculus dorsalis
9184 9184
substantia grisea epithalami
62372 28062 5803
lateral habenular nucleus (pair)
nucleus habenularis lateralis (par)
62373 28065 5804
medial habenular nucleus (pair)
nucleus habenularis medialis (par)
6321 6321
cholinergic cells of epithalamus ; cholinergic cells Ch7
cellulae cholinergicae epithalami ; cellulae cholinergicae Ch7
9104 9104
substantia alba epithalami
26898 8637
commissural tracts of epithalamus
tractus commissurales epithalami
62048 5792 5792
habenular commissure
commissura habenulae
26900 8638
long tracts of epithalamus
tractus longi epithalami
26902 8639
epithalamic efferent tracts
tractus efferentes epithalami
5802 5802
habenulointerpeduncular tract ; fasciculus retroflexus
tractus habenulointerpeduncularis ; fasciculus retroflexus
8640 8640
substantia grisea pretecti
62402 26851 5805
pretectal area (pair)
area pretectalis (par)
272352 26855 5806
pretectal nuclei (pair)
nuclei pretectales (par)
26858 5807
anterior pretectal nucleus (pair)
nucleus pretectalis anterior (par)
72403 26861 5808
nucleus of optic tract (pair)
nucleus tractus optici (par)
72405 26864 5809
olivary pretectal nucleus (pair)
nucleus pretectalis olivaris (par)
84355 26867 5810
posterior pretectal nucleus (pair)
nucleus pretectalis posterior (par)
68463 39402 8641
nucleus of posterior commissure (pair)
nucleus commissurae posterioris (par)
39405 8642
principal part (pair)
pars principalis (par)
39408 8643
magnocellular part (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
256154 26871 5638
accessory nuclei of optic tract (pair)
nuclei accessorii tractus optici (par)
77651 26874 5639
posterior accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair) ; dorsal accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair)
nucleus accessorius posterior tractus optici (par) ; nucleus accessorius dorsalis tractus optici (par)
77652 26877 5640
lateral accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair)
nucleus accessorius lateralis tractus optici (par)
77653 26880 5641
medial accessory nucleus of optic tract (pair)
nucleus accessorius medialis tractus optici (par)
8644 8644
substantia alba pretecti
28051 8645
commissural tracts of pretectum (pair)
tractus commissurales pretecti (par)
62072 5794 5794
posterior commissure
commissura posterior
28055 8647
long tracts of pretectum (pair)
tractus longi pretecti (par)
28059 8648
descending tracts of pretectum (pair)
tractus descendentes pretecti (par)
8490 8490
medial tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis medialis
8491 8491
pretectoolivary tract
tractus pretectoolivaris
8622 8622
tegmentum prerubrale ; tegmentum diencephali
8650 8650
grey matter of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon
substantia grisea tegmenti prerubralis
26887 8144
interstitial nucleus (pair)
nucleus interstitialis (par)
27759 8147
rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus of telencephalon (pair)
nucleus interstitialis rostralis fasciculi longitudinalis medialis (par)
27763 8150
elliptic nucleus (pair)
nucleus ellipticus (par)
62035 25568 5893
subthalamic nucleus (pair)
nucleus subthalamicus (par)
8651 8651
white matter of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon ; white substance of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon
substantia alba tegmenti prerubralis
26890 8652
long tracts of prerubral tegmentum of diencephalon
tractus longi tegmenti prerubralis
26892 8653
prerubral efferent tracts
tractus efferentes prerubrales
8490 8490
medial tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis medialis
8492 8492
prerubroolivary tract
tractus prerubroolivaris
8495 8495
descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis descendens
8494 8494
interstitiospinal tract
tractus interstitiospinalis
79876 5265 5265
brain stem
truncus encephali
61993 5261 5261
mesencephalon ; midbrain P3 352 children
mesencephalon
30107 8559
morphologia externa mesencephali
77488 25703 5582
quadrigeminal plate (pair); tectal plate (pair)
lamina quadrigeminalis (par) ; lamina tecti mesencephali (par)
62403 40085 5586
superior colliculus (pair)
colliculus superior (par)
62404 40088 5585
inferior colliculus (pair)
colliculus inferior (par)
84359 40091 5579
trigone of lateral lemniscus (pair)
trigonum lemnisci lateralis (par)
77801 40094 5577
lateral sulcus of mesencephalon (pair)
sulcus lateralis mesencephali (par)
62394 25273 5575
cerebral peduncle (pair) ; cerebral limb (pair)
pedunculus cerebri (par) ; crus cerebrale (par)
83792 40097 5574
oculomotor sulcus (pair)
sulcus nervi oculomotorii (par)
83740 5572 5572
interpeduncular fossa
fossa interpeduncularis
77523 5573 5573
posterior perforated substance
substantia perforata posterior
30137 8558
internal morphology of mesencephalon
morphologia interna mesencephali
83902 5669 5669
tectum of mesencephalon
tectum mesencephali
9048 9048
substantia grisea tecti mesencephali
27196 8067
layers of superior colliculus (pair)
laminae colliculi superioris (par)
72406 27199 5674
zonal layer (pair) ; layer I of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum zonale (par) ; lamina I colliculi superioris (par)
72407 27202 5675
superficial grey layer (pair) ; layer II of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum griseum superficiale (par) ; lamina II colliculi superioris (par)
71112 27208 5676
optic layer (pair) ; layer III of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum opticum (par) ; lamina III colliculi superioris (par)
72409 27214 5677
intermediate grey layer (pair) ; layer IV of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum griseum intermedium (par) ; lamina IV colliculi superioris (par)
71113 32314 5678
intermediate medullary layer (pair) ; layer V of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum medullare intermedium (par) ; lamina V colliculi superioris (par)
72410 32317 5679
deep grey layer (pair) ; layer VI of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum griseum profundum (par) ; lamina VI colliculi superioris (par)
72416 32320 5680
deep medullary layer (pair) ; layer VII of superior colliculus (pair)
stratum medullare profundum (par) ; lamina VII colliculi superioris (par)
272347 40116 5670
nuclei of inferior colliculus (pair)
nuclei colliculi inferioris (par)
72413 40119 5671
central nucleus (pair)
nucleus centralis (par)
72412 40122 5672
external nucleus (pair) ; external cortex of inferior colliculus (pair)
nucleus externus (par) ; cortex externus colliculi inferioris (par)
72411 40125 5673
pericentral nucleus (pair) ; dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus (pair)
nucleus pericentralis (par) ; cortex dorsalis colliculi inferioris (par)
27148 8054
layer I of dorsal cortex (pair)
stratum I corticis dorsalis (par)
27151 8057
layer II of dorsal cortex (pair)
stratum II corticis dorsalis (par)
27154 8060
layer III of dorsal cortex (pair)
stratum III corticis dorsalis (par)
27160 8063
layer IV of dorsal cortex (pair)
stratum IV corticis dorsalis (par)
9046 9046
substantia alba tecti mesencephali
27218 8092
commissural tracts of tectum of mesencephalon (pair)
tractus commissurales tecti mesencephali (par)
71115 5681 5681
commissure of inferior colliculus
commissura colliculi inferioris
72418 5682 5682
commissure of superior colliculus
commissura colliculi superioris
27222 8096
long tracts of tectum of mesencephalon (pair)
tractus longi tecti mesencephali (par)
27261 8100
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
77766 12531 12531
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
5328 5328
spinotectal fibres
fibrae spinotectales
27535 8104
ascending tracts of brain stem (pair)
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
72417 5584 5584
brachium of superior colliculus
brachium colliculi superioris
71114 5583 5583
brachium of inferior colliculus
brachium colliculi inferioris
72502 5468 5468
lateral lemniscus
lemniscus lateralis
27539 8108
descending tracts of tectum of mesencephalon (pair)
tractus descendentes tecti mesencephali (par)
8479 8479
tectobulbar tract
tractus tectobulbaris
7503 7503
dorsal tegmental decussation ; posterior tegmental decussation
decussatio tegmentalis dorsalis ; decussatio tegmentalis posterior
8480 8480
tectospinal tract
tractus tectospinalis
7479 7479
structurae centrales mesencephali
7478 7478
grey matter of central structures of mesencephalon; grey substance of central structures of mesencephalon ▲
substantia grisea structurarum centralium mesencephali
83134 5645 5645
periaqueductal grey matter ; central grey matter
substantia grisea periaqueductalis ; substantia grisea centralis
27115 6302
dopaminergic cells of periaqueductal grey matter (pair); dopaminergic cells A11 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae periaqueductales (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A11 (par)
7480 7480
white matter of central structures of mesencephalon; white substance of central structures of mesencephalon
substantia alba structurarum centralium mesencephali
27128 8043
long tracts of central structures of mesencephalon (pair)
tractus longi structurarum centralium mesencephali (par)
27133 8047
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
77766 12531 12531
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
5329 5329
spinoperiaqueductal fibres
fibrae spinoperiaqueductales
27141 8051
descending tracts of central structures of mesencephalon (pair)
tractus descendentes structurarum centralium mesencephali (par)
8751 8751
descending posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior descendens ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis descendens
62393 5578 5578
tegmentum of mesencephalon
tegmentum mesencephali
83913 5625 5625
substantia grisea tegmenti mesencephali
25787 8564
somatosensory nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei somatosensorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
54568 40100 5494
mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis (par)
40103 8565
intercollicular nucleus (pair)
nucleus intercollicularis (par)
25791 8566
visual nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei visuales tegmenti mesencephali (par)
25794 8567
lateral terminal nucleus (pair)
nucleus terminalis lateralis (par)
25782 9055
acoustic nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair) ; auditory nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei acustici tegmenti mesencephali (par) ; nuclei auditorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
25778 9056
nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus (pair)
nucleus brachii colliculi inferioris (par)
77492 25772 5652
sagulum nucleus (pair)
nucleus saguli (par)
77494 25775 5653
subbrachial nucleus (pair)
nucleus subbrachialis (par)
25801 8561
somatomotor nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei somatomotorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
54510 25804 5626
oculomotor nucleus (pair) ; nucleus of oculomotor nerve (pair)
nucleus oculomotorius (par)
25807 8562
central caudal nucleus (pair)
nucleus caudalis centralis (par)
25810 8563
interoculomotor nucleus (pair)
nucleus interoculomotorius (par)
25814 8568
visceromotor nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei visceromotorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
40108 5627
accessory nuclei of oculomotor nerve (pair)
nuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii (par)
25820 8569
preganglionary part (pair)
pars preganglionaris (par)
25823 8570
nonganglionary part (pair)
pars nonganglionaris (par)
54524 25826 5629
anterior medial nucleus (pair)
nucleus anteromedialis (par)
5684 5684
reticular nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon
nuclei reticulares tegmenti mesencephali
62402 25835 5651
mesencephalic reticular formation (pair)
formatio reticularis mesencephali (par)
25838 8572
intracuneiform nucleus (pair)
nucleus intracuneiformis (par)
72427 25829 5658
cuneiform nucleus (pair)
nucleus cuneiformis (par)
25832 8571
mesencephalic locomotor region (pair)
regio locomotoria mesencephalica (par)
25842 15263
neuromodulator nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei neuromodulatorii tegmenti mesencephali (par)
40110 5663
raphe nuclei of mesencephalon (pair); serotonergic cells (pair)
nuclei raphes mesencephali (par) ; cellulae serotonergicae (par)
77502 25845 5664
linear raphe nucleus (pair); serotonergic cells B8 (pair)
nucleus raphes linearis (par); cellula serotonergica B8 (par)
68462 5545 5545
dorsal raphe nucleus; serotonergic cells B7
nucleus raphes dorsalis; cellulae serotonergicae B7
25849 7445
dopaminergic nuclei (pair)
nuclei dopaminergici (par)
25861 14773
dopaminergic cells of ventral tegmental area (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A10 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae areae tegmentalis ventralis (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A10 (par)
25857 14753
dopaminergic cells of compact part of substantia nigra (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A9 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae partis compactae substantiae nigrae (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A9 (par)
25853 14752
retrorubral dopaminergic cells (pair) ; dopaminergic cells A8 (pair)
cellulae dopaminergicae retrorubrales (par) ; cellulae dopaminergicae A8 (par)
67947 27282 5597
substantia nigra (pair)
substantia nigra (par)
62907 27615 5598
compact part of substantia nigra (pair)
pars compacta substantiae nigrae (par)
25899 8578
dorsal part of substantia nigra (pair) ; posterior part of substantia nigra (pair) ; ERR1
pars dorsalis substantiae nigrae (par) ; pars posterior substantiae nigrae (par)
25914 8579
dorsolateral subnucleus (pair) ; posterolateral subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus dorsolateralis (par) ; subnucleus posterolateralis (par)
25917 8580
dorsomedial subnucleus (pair) ; posteromedial subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus dorsomedialis (par) ; subnucleus posteromedialis (par)
25903 8581
ventral part of substantia nigra (pair) ; anterior part of substantia nigra (pair) ; ERR1
pars ventralis substantiae nigrae (par) ; pars anterior substantiae nigrae (par)
25920 8582
ventrolateral subnucleus (pair) ; anterolateral subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus ventrolateralis (par) ; subnucleus anterolateralis (par)
25923 8583
ventrointermediate subnucleus (pair) ; anterointermediate subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus ventrointermedius (par) ; subnucleus anterointermedius (par)
25926 8584
ventromedial subnucleus (pair) ; anteromedial subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus ventromedialis (par) ; subnucleus anteromedialis (par)
76844 27636 5599
lateral part of substantia nigra (pair)
pars lateralis substantiae nigrae (par)
25911 8585
medial part of substantia nigra (pair)
pars medialis substantiae nigrae (par)
62908 27640 5600
reticular part of substantia nigra (pair)
pars reticulata substantiae nigrae (par)
30458 12250
ventral tegmental area (pair) ; anterior tegmental area (pair)
area tegmentalis ventralis (par) ; area tegmentalis anterior (par)
25869 5654
ventral tegmental nuclei of mesencephalon (pair) ; anterior tegmental nuclei of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei tegmentales ventrales mesencephali (par) ; nuclei tegmentales anteriores mesencephali (par)
25875 8586
rostral linear nucleus (pair) ; superior linear nucleus (pair)
nucleus linearis rostralis (par) ; nucleus linearis superior (par)
25872 8587
caudal linear nucleus (pair) ; inferior linear nucleus (pair)
nucleus linearis caudalis (par) ; nucleus linearis inferior (par)
77495 25878 5655
interfascicular nucleus (pair)
nucleus interfascicularis (par)
77497 25881 5657
parablack nucleus (pair)
nucleus paranigralis (par)
77496 25884 5656
pigmented parabrachial nucleus (pair)
nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus (par)
84341 29191 5685
parapeduncular nucleus (pair)
nucleus parapeduncularis (par)
25937 8589
limbic nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei limbici tegmenti mesencephali (par)
72437 25943 5646
peripeduncular nucleus (pair)
nucleus peripeduncularis (par)
25947 8590
precerebellar nuclei of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
nuclei precerebellares tegmenti mesencephali (par)
62407 25950 5647
red nucleus (pair)
nucleus ruber (par)
72431 25956 5648
magnocellular part (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
72430 25953 5649
parvocellular part (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par)
77493 25959 5650
posteromedial part (pair) ; dorsomedial part (pair)
pars posteromedialis (par) ; pars dorsomedialis (par)
83937 5602 5602
substantia alba tegmenti mesencephali
25980 7464
central roots of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
radices centrales tegmenti mesencephali (par)
72489 5464 5464
mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
25984 9066
long tracts of tegmentum of mesencephalon (pair)
tractus longi tegmenti mesencephali (par)
25988 9067
ascending tracts of spinal cord (pair)
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
77766 12531 12531
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
5327 5327
spinomesencephalic fibres
fibrae spinomesencephalicae
25145 7956
spinointercollicular fibres
fibrae spinointercolliculares
26019 8594
ascending tracts of brain stem (pair)
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
25254 8485
nigrostriatal fibres
fibrae nigrostriatales
72502 5468 5468
lateral lemniscus
lemniscus lateralis
26022 7460
vestibulomesencephalic tracts
tractus vestibulomesencephalici
8427 8427
medial vestibulomesencephalic tract
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis
8428 8428
lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis
8429 8429
ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis
8430 8430
vestibulothalamic tract
tractus vestibulothalamicus
83852 34075 8426
trigeminothalamic tracts
tractus trigeminothalamici
12170 12170
lateral trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis
72500 5463 5463
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
5462 5462
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
26034 8603
efferent tracts of cerebellum (pair)
tractus efferentes cerebelli (par)
72495 5760 5760
superior cerebellar peduncle
pedunculus cerebellaris superior
31874 12256
afferent tracts of telencephalon (pair)
tractus afferentes telencephali (par)
25146 8118
striatonigral fibres
fibrae striatonigrales
27660 8122
pallidofugal fibres
fibrae pallidofugientes
26041 8605
descending tracts (pair)
tractus descendentes (par)
25797 8126
amygdalotegmental fibres
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
77482 8415 8415
hypothalamospinal tract
tractus hypothalamospinalis
8481 8481
rubrospinal tract
tractus rubrospinalis
72452 5623 5623
decussation of rubrospinal tract; anterior tegmental decussation ; ventral tegmental decussation
decussatio tegmentalis ventralis ; decussatio tegmentalis anterior
7930 7930
medial longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
8494 8494
interstitiospinal tract
tractus interstitiospinalis
8490 8490
medial tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis medialis
8491 8491
pretectoolivary tract
tractus pretectoolivaris
8492 8492
prerubroolivary tract
tractus prerubroolivaris
83850 5476 5476
central tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis centralis
77050 34021 5322
rubroolivary tracts
tractus rubroolivares
26086 8035
substantia alba pedunculi cerebri (par)
72634 8526 8526
pyramidal tract
tractus pyramidalis
5624 5624
corticomesencephalic fibres
fibrae corticomesencephalicae
9196 9196
corticorubral tract
tractus corticorubralis
32020 12543
corticopontine tracts
tractus corticopontini
75223 6243 6243
frontopontine tract
tractus frontopontinus
8533 8533
occipitoparietotemporopontine tract
tractus occipitoparietotemporopontinus
67944 5686 5686
cerebellum P3 332 children
cerebellum
31957 8266
external morphology of cerebellum
morphologia externa cerebelli
76928 5691 5691
vermis
vermis
76925 40128 5689
cerebellar hemisphere (pair)
hemispherium cerebelli (par)
75267 5690 5690
vallecula of cerebellum
vallecula cerebelli
8267 8267
cerebellomesencephalic fissure
fissura cerebellomesencephalica
8269 8269
cerebellopontine fissure
fissura cerebellopontina
8270 8270
cerebellomedullary fissure
fissura cerebellomedullaris
5687 5687
interlobar fissures of cerebellum
fissurae interlobares cerebelli
83729 5716 5716
primary fissure ; preclival fissure
fissura prima; fissura preclivalis
83730 5739 5739
posterolateral fissure
fissura posterolateralis
76926 5698 5698
body of cerebellum
corpus cerebelli
72251 5699 5699
lobus anterior cerebelli
72255 8272 8272
anterior part of vermis of cerebellum
pars anterior vermis
83884 40131 5700
lingula (pair) ; lobule I (pair)
lingula (par) ; lobulus I (par)
72519 40134 5702
central lobule (pair)
lobulus centralis (par)
278635 29788 5703
lobule II (pair)
lobulus II (par)
278639 29791 5704
lobule III (pair)
lobulus III (par)
83886 40137 5709
culmen (pair)
culmen (par)
76955 29794 5710
lobule IV (pair)
lobulus IV (par)
76954 29797 5712
lobule V (pair)
lobulus V (par)
40141 8281
fissures of anterior lobe of cerebellum (pair)
fissurae lobi anterioris cerebelli (par)
83731 29806 5701
precentral fissure (pair) ; postlingual fissure (pair)
fissura precentralis (par) ; fissura postlingualis (par)
83736 29809 5708
postcentral fissure (pair) ; preculminate fissure (pair)
fissura postcentralis (par) ; fissura preculminalis (par)
83737 29812 5711
intraculminate fissure (pair)
fissura intraculminalis (par)
72254 40145 8339
anterior part of cerebellar hemisphere (pair)
pars anterior hemispherii cerebelli (par)
40148 8993
vincingulum of lingula of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HI (pair)
vincingulum lingulae (par) ; lobulus HI (par)
72517 40151 5705
wing of central lobule of cerebellum (pair)
ala lobuli centralis (par)
278665 40154 5706
lobule HII (pair)
lobulus HII (par)
278672 40157 5707
lobule HIII (pair)
lobulus HIII (par)
72516 40160 5713
anterior quadrangular lobule (pair)
lobulus quadrangularis anterior (par)
278683 40163 5714
lobule HIV (pair)
lobulus HIV (par)
278723 40166 5715
lobule HV (pair)
lobulus HV (par)
72252 5717 5717
lobus posterior cerebelli
72259 9194 9194
posterior part of vermis of cerebellum
pars posterior vermis
83887 40169 5719
declive (pair) ; lobule VI (pair)
declive (par) ; lobulus VI (par)
83889 40172 5722
folium of vermis of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule VIIA (pair)
folium vermis (par) ; lobulus VIIA (par)
83890 40175 5728
tuber (pair) ; lobule VIIB (pair)
tuber (par) ; lobulus VIIB (par)
83888 40178 5731
pyramis (pair) ; lobule VIII (pair)
pyramis (par) ; lobulus VIII (par)
29800 8273
lobule HVIIIA (pair)
lobulus HVIIIA (par)
29803 8274
lobule HVIIIB (pair)
lobulus HVIIIB (par)
83883 40181 5737
uvula (pair) ; lobule IX (pair)
uvula (par) ; lobulus IX (par)
40184 9038
fissures of posterior lobe of cerebellum (pair)
fissurae lobi posterioris cerebelli (par)
83733 29815 5721
superior posterior fissure (pair) ; postclival fissure (pair)
fissura posterior superior (par) ; fissura postclivalis (par)
75135 29818 5725
horizontal fissure (pair) ; intercrural fissure (pair)
fissura horizontalis (par) ; fissura intercruralis (par)
75137 40187 5727
lunogracile fissure (pair) ; ansoparamedian fissure (pair)
fissura lunogracilis (par) ; fissura ansoparamediana (par)
75138 29821 5730
prebiventral fissure (pair) ; prepyramidal fissure (pair)
fissura prebiventralis (par) ; fissura prepyramidalis (par)
75139 29824 5734
intrabiventral fissure (pair)
fissura intrabiventralis (par)
84043 29827 5736
secondary fissure (pair) ; postpyramidal fissure (pair)
fissura secundaria (par) ; fissura postpyramidalis (par)
72256 40190 9195
posterior part of cerebellar hemisphere (pair)
pars posterior hemispherii cerebelli (par)
256399 40193 5720
posterior quadrangular lobule (pair) ; simple lobule (pair) ; lobule HVI (pair)
lobulus quadrangularis posterior (par) ; lobulus simplex (par) ; lobulus HVI (par)
40197 5723
semilunar lobules (pair) ; ansiform lobules (pair) ; lobules HVIIA (pair)
lobuli semilunares (par) ; lobuli ansiformes cerebelli (par) ; lobuli HVIIA (par)
72524 40200 5724
superior semilunar lobule (pair) ; crus I (pair); lobule HVIIAa (pair)
lobulus semilunaris superior (par) ; crus I (par) ; lobulus HVIIAa (par)
72525 40203 5726
inferior semilunar lobule (pair) ; crus II (pair); lobule HVIIAb (pair)
lobulus semilunaris inferior (par) ; crus II (par) ; lobulus HVIIAb (par)
72523 40206 5729
gracile lobule (pair) ; lobule HVIIB (pair)
lobulus gracilis (par) ; lobulus HVIIB (par)
72526 40209 5732
biventral lobule (pair) ; lobule HVIII (pair)
lobulus biventer (par) ; lobulus HVIII (par)
77202 40212 5733
lateral part of biventral lobule of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HVIIIA (pair)
pars lateralis lobuli biventris (par) ; lobulus HVIIIA (par)
77203 40215 5735
medial part of biventral lobule of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HVIIIB (pair)
pars medialis lobuli biventris (par) ; lobulus HVIIIB (par)
83464 40218 5738
tonsil of cerebellum (pair) ; lobule HIX (pair)
tonsilla cerebelli (par) ; lobulus HIX (par)
40221 9202
accessory paraflocculus (pair)
paraflocculus accessorius (par)
72253 5740 5740
flocculonodular lobe P4 4 children
lobus flocculonodularis
83882 5741 5741
nodule ; lobule X
nodulus ; lobulus X
83881 40224 5743
flocculus (pair) ; lobule HX (pair)
flocculus (par) ; lobulus HX (par)
31962 8227
internal morphology of cerebellum
morphologia interna cerebelli
30132 5688
folia of cerebellum
folia cerebelli
83924 9037 9037
substantia grisea cerebelli
72248 5745 5745
cerebellar cortex
cortex cerebelli
83141 29280 9040
layers of cerebellar cortex
strata corticis cerebelli
83140 5746 5746
granular layer
stratum granulare
8239 8239
glomerulus of cerebellum
glomerulus cerebelli
83896 5747 5747
Purkinje cell layer
stratum purkinjense
83897 5748 5748
molecular layer
stratum moleculare
40227 8229
neurons of cerebellar cortex
neura corticis cerebelli
40228 8230
projection neurons of cerebellar cortex
neura projectionis corticis cerebelli
40229 8233
Purkinje neurons; Purkinje cells
neura purkinjensia
40230 8234
cerebellar interneurons
interneura corticis cerebelli
40231 8236
excitatory interneurons of cerebellar cortex
interneura excitatoria corticis cerebelli
29238 8237
granule neurons; granule cells
neura granularia
8237 8237
# granule neuron; granule cell
# neuron granulare
29246 8240
dendrites of granule neuron of cerebellar cortex
dendrita neuri granularis
8239 8239
glomerulus of cerebellum
glomerulus cerebelli
29250 8242
parallel fibres ▲
fibrae parallelae
40232 8243
unipolar brush neurons; unipolar brush cells
neura penicillata
40233 8245
inhibitory interneurons of cerebellar cortex
interneura inhibitoria corticis cerebelli
29258 8246
horizontal fusiform neurons ; horizontal fusiform cells
neura fusiformia horizontalia
29262 8248
large Golgi neurons; large Golgi cells
neura golgiensia magna
8248 8248
# large Golgi neuron; large Golgi cell
# neuron golgiense magnum
8251 8251
axon of large Golgi neuron
axon neuri golgiensis magni
29266 8249
small Golgi neurons; small Golgi cells
neura golgiensia parva
84461 29274 8252
basket neurons; basket cells
neura corbiformia
29278 8254
superficial stellate neurons ; superficial stellate cells
neura stellata superficialia
29282 8255
deep stellate neurons ; deep stellate cells
neura stellata profunda
29447 9724
astrocytes of cerebellum
astrocyti cerebelli
39411 9726
radial astrocytes
astrocyti radiales
54559 29913 9735
epithelial astrocytes of cerebellum
astrocyti epitheliales cerebelli
9735 9735
# epithelial astrocyte of cerebellum
# astrocytus epithelialis cerebelli
29941 9926
radial processes
processus radiales
29943 9928
feathered astrocytes
astrocyti pennati
25474 8344
subdivisions of cerebellum
divisiones cerebelli
72253 5692 5692
vestibulocerebellum
vestibulocerebellum
72251 5693 5693
spinocerebellum
spinocerebellum
72252 5694 5694
pontocerebellum
pontocerebellum
26484 9279
sagittal zones of cerebellum (pair)
zonae sagittales cerebelli (par)
26575 9281
medial sagittal zones (pair)
zonae sagittales mediales (par)
32454 9282
zone A (pair)
zona A (par)
32458 9283
zone X (pair)
zona X (par)
32459 9284
zone B (pair)
zona B (par)
26888 9343
intermediate sagittal zones (pair)
zonae sagittales intermediae (par)
32464 9286
zone C1 (pair)
zona C1 (par)
32467 9287
zone C2 (pair)
zona C2 (par)
32468 8340
zone C3 (pair)
zona C3 (par)
32473 9338
lateral sagittal zones (pair)
zonae sagittales laterales (par)
32477 9339
zone Y (pair)
zona Y (par)
32480 9340
zone D1 (pair)
zona D1 (par)
32483 9341
zone D2 (pair)
zona D2 (par)
321695 40238 5749
cerebellar nuclei (pair)
nuclei cerebelli (par)
72260 40241 5750
dentate nucleus (pair) ; lateral cerebellar nucleus (pair)
nucleus dentatus (par) ; nucleus lateralis cerebelli (par)
72548 40244 5751
hilum of dentate nucleus of cerebellum (pair)
hilum nuclei dentati (par)
40247 8258
microgyric part (pair)
pars microgyria (par)
40250 8260
macrogyric part (pair)
pars macrogyria (par)
40254 8261
interposed nuclei (pair)
nuclei interpositi (par)
72538 40257 5752
emboliform nucleus (pair) ; anterior interposed nucleus (pair)
nucleus emboliformis (par) ; nucleus interpositus anterior (par)
72536 40260 5753
globose nucleus (pair) ; posterior interposed nucleus (pair)
nucleus globosus (par) ; nucleus interpositus posterior (par)
72537 40263 5754
fastigial nucleus (pair) ; medial cerebellar nucleus (pair)
nucleus fastigii (par)
29287 8341
neurons of cerebellar nucleus (pair)
neura nuclei cerebelli (par)
29291 8343
projection neurons of cerebellar nucleus (pair)
neura projectionis nuclei cerebelli (par)
29295 8345
large projection neurons (pair)
neura magna (par)
29299 8349
small projection neurons (pair); nucleoolivary neurons (pair)
neura projectionis parva (par); neura nucleoolivaria (par)
29303 8351
inhibitory interneurons of cerebellar nucleus (pair)
interneura inhibitoria nuclei cerebelli (par)
29307 8263
glycinergic inhibitory interneurons (pair)
interneura inhibitoria glycinergica (par)
29311 8264
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (pair)
interneura inhibitoria GABAergica (par)
83943 9191 9191
substantia alba cerebelli
72541 5744 5744
arbor vitae
arbor vitae
256377 5761 5761
medullary body of cerebellum
corpus medullare cerebelli
7688 7688
medullary lamella of cerebellum
lamella medullaris cerebelli
26426 7691
cerebellar cortical afferent fibres ▲
fibrae afferentes corticis cerebelli
26374 7705
mossy fibres ▲
fibrae nervosae muscosae
7705 7705
# mossy fibre
# fibra nervosa muscosa
25496 8350
rosettes of mossy fibre of cerebellar cortex
flosculi fibrae nervosae muscosae
26431 7711
climbing fibres ▲
fibrae ascendentes
26432 7713
multilayered fibres; monoaminergic fibres ▲
fibrae multistratificatae ; neurofibrae monoaminergicae
26433 7716
cerebellar cortical efferent fibres ▲
fibrae efferentes corticis cerebelli
7716 7716
# cerebellar cortical efferent fibre
# neurofibra efferens corticis cerebelli
11561 11561
axon of Purkinje cell
axon neuri purkinjensis
34031 8474
commissural tracts of origin in cerebellum
tractus commissurales originis cerebelli
77522 5762 5762
cerebellar commissure
commissura cerebelli
29211 8545
long tracts of cerebellum (pair)
tractus longi cerebelli (par)
272298 31467 5755
cerebellar peduncles (pair)
pedunculi cerebellares (par)
72495 40270 5760
superior cerebellar peduncle (pair)
pedunculus cerebellaris superior (par)
40273 8223
brachium conjunctivum (pair)
brachium conjunctivum (par)
40276 8473
ascending branch of brachium conjunctivum (pair)
ramus ascendens brachii conjunctivi (par)
8439 8439
cerebellorubral tract
tractus cerebellorubralis
8465 8465
cerebellothalamic tract
tractus cerebellothalamicus
40279 8464
descending branch of brachium conjunctivum (pair)
ramus descendens brachii conjunctivi (par)
72490 5763 5763
uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum
fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli
27138 8468
fastigiobulbar fibres
fibrae fastigiobulbares
75690 8469 8469
fastigiospinal tract
tractus fastigiospinalis
75691 5221 5221
interpositospinal tract
tractus interpositospinalis
72515 40282 5759
middle cerebellar peduncle (pair)
pedunculus cerebellaris medius (par)
34066 11532
pontocerebellar fibres
fibrae pontocerebellares
72615 40285 5756
inferior cerebellar peduncle (pair)
pedunculus cerebellaris inferior (par)
40288 5757
restiform body (pair)
corpus restiforme (par)
27130 8467
cerebelloolivary fibres ; nucleoolivary fibres
fibrae cerebelloolivares ; fibrae nucleoolivares
73950 5319 5319
posterior spinocerebellar tract ; dorsal spinocerebellar tract
tractus spinocerebellaris posterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis
5320 5320
cuneocerebellar fibres
fibrae cuneocerebellares
34122 8456
trigeminocerebellar fibres
fibrae trigeminocerebellares
72638 5305 5305
olivocerebellar tract
tractus olivocerebellaris
34123 8457
nucleocerebellar fibres
fibrae nucleocerebellares
34124 8458
raphecerebellar fibres
fibrae raphecerebellares
72613 40291 5758
juxtarestiform body (pair)
corpus juxtarestiforme (par)
25660 8459
vestibulocerebellar fibres
fibrae vestibulocerebellares
27116 8466
cerebellovestibular fibres
fibrae cerebellovestibulares
72543 29830 5742
peduncle of flocculus of flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum (pair)
pedunculus flocculi (par)
67687 5258 5258
rhombencephalon
rhombencephalon
11865 11865
rhombencephalon rostrale
27136 8407
morphologia externa rhombencephali rostralis
11866 11866
isthmus of rhombencephalon
isthmus rhombencephali
72244 5431 5431
pons ; basilar part of rostral rhombencephalon
pons ; pars basilaris rhombencephali rostralis
84358 25030 5427
pontocerebellar angle (pair)
angulus pontocerebellaris (par)
83794 5425 5425
basilar sulcus
sulcus basilaris
83793 34208 5424
medullopontine sulcus (pair)
sulcus bulbopontinus (par)
34192 9006
internal morphology of rostral rhombencephalon
morphologia interna rhombencephali rostralis
11867 11867
grey matter of rostral rhombencephalon
substantia grisea rhombencephali rostralis
34212 8392
nuclei somatosensorii rhombencephali rostralis (par)
54568 5494 5494
mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
54533 34215 5491
principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigeminalis (par)
83464 34218 5492
posteromedial nucleus (pair) ; dorsomedial nucleus (pair)
nucleus posteromedialis (par) ; nucleus dorsomedialis (par)
83957 34221 5493
anterolateral nucleus (pair) ; ventrolateral nucleus (pair)
nucleus anterolateralis (par) ; nucleus ventrolateralis (par)
54565 34224 5489
spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
nucleus spinalis nervi trigeminalis (par)
235322 27167 5490
oral subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus oralis (par)
235324 34227 5350
interpolar subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus interpolaris (par)
72606 5346 5346
caudal subnucleus
subnucleus caudalis
34230 8354
nuclei viscerosensorii rhombencephali rostralis (par)
34233 8355
oval nucleus (pair) ; rostral tip of solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus ovalis (par) ; rostrum nuclei solitarii (par)
34237 8383
nuclei vestibulares rhombencephali rostralis (par)
54617 34240 5514
superior vestibular nucleus (pair)
nucleus vestibularis superior (par)
34243 8384
magnocellular part (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
34246 8385
parvocellular part (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par)
54611 5379 5379
medial vestibular nucleus
nucleus vestibularis medialis
54614 34249 5512
lateral vestibular nucleus (pair)
nucleus vestibularis lateralis (par)
83963 34252 5513
parvocellular part (pair) ; cell group L (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par)
34255 8357
interstitial nucleus of vestibular nerve (pair)
nucleus interstitialis nervi vestibularis (par)
34259 8358
nuclei acustici rhombencephali rostralis (par) ; nuclei auditorii rhombencephali rostralis (par)
323296 34263 5516
nuclei of lateral lemniscus (pair)
nuclei lemnisci lateralis (par)
72483 34266 5517
dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair) ; posterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair)
nucleus dorsalis lemnisci lateralis (par) ; nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis (par)
72484 34269 5519
ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair) ; anterior nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair)
nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis (par) ; nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis (par)
72247 34272 5500
superior olivary complex (pair)
complexus olivaris superior (par)
72472 34275 5501
lateral superior olivary nucleus (pair)
nucleus olivaris superior lateralis (par)
72473 34278 5502
medial superior olivary nucleus (pair)
nucleus olivaris superior medialis (par)
34282 5503
periolivary nuclei (pair)
nuclei periolivares (par)
72475 34286 5504
medial periolivary nuclei (pair)
nuclei periolivares mediales (par)
226217 34290 5505
lateral periolivary nuclei (pair)
nuclei periolivares laterales (par)
72477 34293 5507
nucleus of trapezoid body (pair)
nucleus corporis trapezoidei (par)
34297 8394
nuclei somatomotorii rhombencephali rostralis (par)
54518 34300 5643
trochlear nucleus (pair) ; nucleus of trochlear nerve (pair)
nucleus trochlearis (par) ; nucleus nervi trochlearis (par)
54504 34303 5496
nucleus of abducens nerve (pair)
nucleus nervi abducentis (par)
34307 8386
nuclei branchiomotorii rhombencephali rostralis (par)
54562 34310 5495
motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (pair)
nucleus motorius nervi trigeminalis (par)
77089 34313 8387
retrotrigeminal nucleus (pair) ; accessory trigeminal nucleus (pair)
nucleus retrotrigeminalis (par) ; nucleus trigeminalis accessorius (par)
54582 34316 5497
facial nucleus (pair)
nucleus nervi facialis (par)
77090 34319 8361
retrofacial nucleus (pair) ; accessory facial nucleus (pair)
nucleus retrofacialis (par) ; nucleus facialis accessorius (par)
34323 8362
nuclei visceromotorii rhombencephali rostralis (par)
72482 34326 5498
superior salivatory nucleus (pair)
nucleus salivatorius superior (par)
34330 8388
nuclei reticulares rhombencephali rostralis (par)
72468 34333 5538
oral pontine reticular nucleus (pair); rostral pontine reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (par); nucleus reticularis rostralis (par)
77486 34336 5539
paralemniscal nucleus (pair)
nucleus paralemniscalis (par)
72469 34339 5537
caudal pontine reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (par)
72583 34342 5540
paramedian pontine reticular formation (pair)
formatio reticularis pontis paramediana (par)
34345 8363
interposed raphe nucleus (pair)
nucleus raphes interpositus (par)
34348 8396
nuclei neuromodulatorii rhombencephali rostralis
34349 8397
raphe nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon
nuclei raphes rhombencephali rostralis
72465 5544 5544
median raphe nucleus; serotonergic cells B6
nucleus raphes medianus; cellulae serotonergicae B6
68875 5543 5543
pontine raphe nucleus; serotonergic cells B5
nucleus raphes pontinus; cellula serotonergica B5
34350 8364
serotonergic cells of vestibular area ; serotonergic cells B4
cellulae serotonergicae areae vestibularis ; cellulae serotonergicae B4
72584 5423 5423
raphe magnus nucleus
nucleus raphes magnus
34352 8398
noradrenergic nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
nuclei noradrenergici rhombencephali rostralis (par)
72478 34355 5521
caerulean nucleus (pair) ; noradrenergic nucleus A6 (pair) ; ERR1; ERR1 ▲
nucleus caeruleus (par) ; nucleus noradrenergicus A6 (par)
72479 34358 5522
subcaerulean nucleus (pair) ; subcoerulean nucleus (pair)
nucleus subcaeruleus (par)
34362 8399
noradrenergic cells of superior cerebellar peduncle (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A4 (pair)
cellulae noradrenergicae pedunculi cerebellaris superioris (par) ; cellulae noradrenergicae A4 (par)
34366 6290
noradrenergic cells of nucleus of lateral lemniscus (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A7 (pair)
cellulae noradrenergicae nuclei lemnisci lateralis (par) ; cellulae noradrenergicae A7 (par)
34371 6292
lateral noradrenergic cells of rostral rhombencephalon (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A5 (pair)
cellulae noradrenergicae rhombencephali rostralis laterales (par); cellulae noradrenergicae A5 (par)
34375 8400
cholinergic nuclei of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
nuclei cholinergici rhombencephali rostralis (par)
29188 5644
parabigeminal nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic nucleus Ch8 (pair)
nucleus parabigeminalis (par) ; nucleus cholinergicus Ch8 (par)
72429 34382 5660
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (pair) ; pedunculotegmental nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic nucleus Ch5 (pair)
nucleus tegmentalis pedunculopontinus (par) ; nucleus pedunculotegmentalis (par) ; nucleus cholinergicus Ch5 (par)
34385 8402
compact part (pair)
pars compacta (par)
34388 8403
dissipated part (pair)
pars dissipata (par)
34378 8401
dorsolateral tegmental nucleus (pair) ; posterolateral tegmental nucleus (pair) ; cholinergic nucleus Ch6 (pair)
nucleus tegmentalis dorsolateralis (par) ; nucleus tegmentalis posterolateralis (par) ; nucleus cholinergicus Ch6 (par)
34392 8404
nuclei limbici rhombencephali rostralis (par)
34396 5524
parabrachial nuclei (pair)
nuclei parabrachiales (par)
72481 34399 5526
lateral parabrachial nucleus (pair)
nucleus parabrachialis lateralis (par)
76798 34402 5527
lateral part (pair) ; lateral subnucleus (pair)
pars lateralis (par) ; subnucleus lateralis (par)
76799 34405 5528
medial part (pair) ; medial subnucleus (pair)
pars medialis (par) ; subnucleus medialis (par)
76800 34408 5529
posterior part (pair) ; dorsal part (pair) ; posterior subnucleus (pair) ; dorsal subnucleus (pair)
pars posterior (par) ; pars dorsalis (par) ; subnucleus posterior (par) ; subnucleus dorsalis (par)
76812 34411 5530
anterior part (pair) ; ventral part (pair) ; anterior subnucleus (pair) ; ventral subnucleus (pair)
pars anterior (par) ; pars ventralis (par) ; subnucleus anterior (par) ; subnucleus ventralis (par)
72480 34414 5531
medial parabrachial nucleus (pair)
nucleus parabrachialis medialis (par)
76817 34417 5532
medial part (pair) ; medial subnucleus (pair)
pars medialis (par) ; subnucleus medialis (par)
76818 34420 5533
lateral part (pair) ; lateral subnucleus (pair)
pars lateralis (par) ; subnucleus lateralis (par)
77220 34423 5525
subparabrachial nucleus (pair)
nucleus subparabrachialis (par)
34426 8405
micturition centre (pair); M region (pair) ▲
centrum micturitionis (par) ; regio M (par)
34429 8406
L region (pair)
regio L (par)
72435 34432 5520
ventral tegmental nucleus (pair) ; anterior tegmental nucleus (pair)
nucleus tegmentalis ventralis (par) ; nucleus tegmentalis anterior (par)
72434 34433 5534
dorsal tegmental nucleus (pair) ; posterior tegmental nucleus (pair)
nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (par) ; nucleus tegmentalis posterior (par)
72439 25940 5637
interpeduncular nucleus (pair)
nucleus interpeduncularis (par)
34439 8390
nuclei precerebellares rhombencephali rostralis (par)
72471 34442 5541
reticulotegmental nucleus (pair)
nucleus reticulotegmentalis (par)
77221 25006 5535
supralemniscal nucleus (pair)
nucleus supralemniscalis (par)
25013 8366
rostral paramedian tract nuclei (pair)
nuclei rostrales tractus paramediani (par)
25020 8367
supragenual nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 3 (pair)
nucleus supragenualis (par)
25023 8368
rostral cap of nucleus of abducens nerve (pair); paramedian tract cell group 4a (pair)
cupula rostralis nuclei nervi abducentis (par)
25026 8369
dorsal subnucleus of pontine raphe nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 5b + 5c (pair)
subnucleus dorsalis nuclei raphes pontis (par)
77775 25009 5523
intrafascicular nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 5a (pair)
nucleus intrafascicularis (par)
25017 8370
dorsal midline pontine cells (pair); paramedian tract cell groups 6 (pair)
cellulae pontinae medianae dorsales (par)
83942 5453 5453
white matter of rostral rhombencephalon ; white substance
substantia alba rhombencephali rostralis
27107 8278
radices centrales rhombencephali rostralis (par)
8441 8441
decussation of trochlear nerve
decussatio nervi trochlearis
72489 5464 5464
mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve
tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis
72510 5465 5465
genu of facial nerve
genu nervi facialis
83851 5302 5302
spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
tractus spinalis nervi trigeminalis
25739 11769
tractus commissurales rhombencephali rostralis (par)
8440 8440
commissure of dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
commissura nuclei dorsalis lemnisci lateralis
25706 8286
tractus intrinsici rhombencephali rostralis (par)
72485 5467 5467
olivocochlear bundle
tractus olivocochlearis
25427 8289
long tracts of rostral rhombencephalon (pair)
tractus longi rhombencephali rostralis (par)
25430 8290
tractus ascendentes spinales (par)
77766 12531 12531
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
5331 5331
spinorhombencephalic fibres
fibrae spinorhombencephalica
33844 7952
spinoparabrachial fibres
fibrae spinoparabrachiales
33843 7951
spinoreticular fibres of rostral rhombencephalon
fibrae spinoreticulares rhombencephali rostralis
33842 8418
spinofacial fibres
fibrae spinofaciales
25433 8291
tractus ascendentes trunci encephali (par)
83675 5298 5298
medial lemniscus
lemniscus medialis
25436 8293
vestibulomesencephalic tracts (pair)
tractus vestibulomesencephalici (par)
5462 5462
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
72500 5463 5463
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
72500 5463 5463
posterior trigeminothalamic tract ; dorsal trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus posterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus dorsalis
25157 8461
ascending gustatory fibres
fibrae gustatoriae ascendentes
25456 8298
vestibulomesencephalic tracts (pair)
tractus vestibulomesencephalici (par)
8427 8427
medial vestibulomesencephalic tract
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis
8428 8428
lateral vestibulomesencephalic tract
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis
8429 8429
ventral vestibulomesencephalic tract
tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis
8430 8430
vestibulothalamic tract
tractus vestibulothalamicus
25463 8424
auditory projections
projectiones auditoriae
72487 5466 5466
trapezoid body
corpus trapezoideum
25479 8425
acoustic striae
striae cochleares
72498 5470 5470
anterior acoustic stria ; ventral acoustic stria
stria cochlearis anterior; stria cochlearis ventralis
72497 5471 5471
intermediate acoustic stria
stria cochlearis intermedia
72496 5472 5472
posterior acoustic stria ; dorsal acoustic stria
stria cochlearis posterior
72502 5468 5468
lateral lemniscus
lemniscus lateralis
8440 8440
commissure of dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus
commissura nuclei dorsalis lemnisci lateralis
25470 8315
monoaminergic ascending fibres (pair)
fibrae ascendentes monoaminergicae (par)
25386 8431
serotonergic ascending fibres
fibrae ascendentes serotonergicae
25387 8432
noradrenergic ascending fibres
fibrae ascendentes noradrenergicae
25499 8320
tractus efferentes cerebellares (par)
72490 5763 5763
uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum
fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli
27130 8467
cerebelloolivary fibres ; nucleoolivary fibres
fibrae cerebelloolivares ; fibrae nucleoolivares
31715 8325
tractus afferentes (par)
5228 5228
anterior spinocerebellar tract ; ventral spinocerebellar tract
tractus spinocerebellaris anterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis
25507 8327
tractus descendentes (par)
8527 8527
corticospinal tract
tractus corticospinalis
12525 12525
corticonuclear tract
tractus corticonuclearis
32020 12543
corticopontine tracts
tractus corticopontini
25797 8126
amygdalotegmental fibres
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
77482 8415 8415
hypothalamospinal tract
tractus hypothalamospinalis
8479 8479
tectobulbar tract
tractus tectobulbaris
8480 8480
tectospinal tract
tractus tectospinalis
8495 8495
descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis descendens
62063 7620 7620
posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis
8481 8481
rubrospinal tract
tractus rubrospinalis
25621 8482
rubrocerebellar fibres
fibrae rubrocerebellares
25622 8483
rubrofacial fibres
fibrae rubrofaciales
8490 8490
medial tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis medialis
83850 5476 5476
central tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis centralis
75694 5234 5234
caeruleospinal tract ; coeruleospinal tract
tractus caeruleospinalis
34086 8347
reticulospinal tracts
tractus reticulospinales
73986 5212 5212
medial reticulospinal tract ; pontoreticulospinal tract ; pontine reticulospinal tract
tractus reticulospinalis medialis ; tractus pontoreticulospinalis
72244 5431 5431
pons ; pars basilaris rhombencephali rostralis
83922 5441 5441
substantia grisea pontis
77113 5442 5442
nuclei of pons
nuclei pontis
77114 34163 5443
anterior pontine nucleus (pair); ventral nucleus of pons (pair)
nucleus anterior pontis (par) ; nucleus ventralis pontis (par)
77116 34166 5444
lateral pontine nucleus (pair)
nucleus lateralis pontis (par)
77117 5445 5445
median pontine nucleus
nucleus medianus pontis
77122 34169 5446
paramedian pontine nucleus (pair)
nucleus paramedianus pontis (par)
77123 34172 5447
peduncular pontine nucleus (pair)
nucleus peduncularis pontis (par)
77118 34175 5448
posterior pontine nucleus (pair); dorsal nucleus of pons (pair)
nucleus posterior pontis (par) ; nucleus dorsalis pontis (par)
77120 34178 5449
posterolateral pontine nucleus (pair); dorsolateral nucleus of pons (pair)
nucleus posterior lateralis pontis (par); nucleus dorsolateralis pontis (par)
77121 5450 5450
posteromedial pontine nucleus; dorsomedial nucleus of pons
nucleus posterior medialis pontis; nucleus dorsomedialis pontis
83941 5432 5432
substantia alba pontis
34182 8381
descending tracts of pons (pair)
tractus descendentes pontis (par)
8527 8527
corticospinal tract
tractus corticospinalis
12525 12525
corticonuclear tract
tractus corticonuclearis
8528 8528
corticoreticular tract
tractus corticoreticularis
25213 5437
corticopontine fibres (pair)
fibrae corticopontinae (par)
75223 6243 6243
frontopontine tract
tractus frontopontinus
33887 8535
parietopontine fibres
fibrae parietopontinae
33888 8536
temporopontine fibres
fibrae temporopontinae
33886 8534
occipitopontine fibres
fibrae occipitopontinae
34189 11524
commissural tracts of pons (pair)
tractus commissurales pontis (par)
34066 11532
pontocerebellar fibres
fibrae pontocerebellares
11874 11874
rhombencephalon caudale
25086 11777
morphologia externa rhombencephali caudalis
78490 5287 5287
obex
obex
83795 5286 5286
posterior median sulcus ; dorsal median sulcus
sulcus medianus posterior ; sulcus medianus dorsalis
75256 40294 5285
gracile tubercle (pair)
tuberculum gracile (par)
72255 40297 5283
cuneate tubercle (pair)
tuberculum cuneatum (par)
75257 40300 5281
trigeminal tubercle (pair)
tuberculum trigeminale (par)
75608 40303 5278
posterolateral sulcus (pair) ; dorsolateral sulcus (pair)
sulcus posterolateralis (par) ; sulcus dorsolateralis (par)
40306 5274
inferior olive (pair) ; olive (pair)
oliva (par)
84363 40309 5277
retroolivary area (pair)
area retroolivaris (par)
83796 40312 5276
retroolivary groove (pair)
sulcus retroolivaris (par)
74582 40315 5272
preolivary groove (pair)
sulcus preolivaris (par)
75254 40318 5269
bulbar pyramid (pair)
pyramis bulbaris (par) ; pyramis bulbi (par)
83797 40321 5271
anterolateral sulcus (pair) ; ventrolateral sulcus (pair)
sulcus anterolateralis (par) ; sulcus ventrolateralis (par)
75350 5268 5268
foramen caecum of medulla oblongata ▲
foramen caecum medullae oblongatae
83734 5267 5267
anterior median fissure ; ventral median fissure
fissura mediana anterior ; fissura mediana ventralis
25093 11797
internal morphology of caudal rhombencephalon
morphologia interna rhombencephali caudalis
83925 5335 5335
grey matter of caudal rhombencephalon ; grey substance ▲
substantia grisea rhombencephali caudalis
40325 8031
nuclei somatosensorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
72602 40328 5336
gracile nucleus (pair)
nucleus gracilis (par)
77059 40331 5337
central part (pair)
pars centralis (par)
77060 40334 5338
rostral part (pair)
pars rostralis (par)
77065 40337 5339
rostrodorsal subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus rostrodorsalis (par)
40340 8033
compact parvocellular nucleus (pair)
nucleus parvocellularis compactus (par)
68465 40343 5340
cuneate nucleus (pair)
nucleus cuneatus (par)
77069 40346 5341
caudal part (pair)
pars caudalis (par)
40349 8034
round part (pair)
pars teres (par)
40352 8036
triangular part (pair)
pars triangularis (par)
77070 40355 5342
rostral part (pair)
pars rostralis (par)
72603 40358 5343
accessory cuneate nucleus (pair) ; external cuneate nucleus (pair)
nucleus cuneatus accessorius (par) ; nucleus cuneatus externus (par)
77073 40361 5344
accessory precuneate nucleus (pair) ; cell group X (pair)
nucleus precuneatus accessorius (par)
72605 40364 5394
medial pericuneate nucleus (pair)
nucleus pericuneatus medialis (par)
72604 40367 5395
lateral pericuneate nucleus (pair)
nucleus pericuneatus lateralis (par)
77099 40370 5393
endolemniscal nucleus (pair)
nucleus endolemniscalis (par)
72600 40385 5400
peritrigeminal nucleus (pair)
nucleus peritrigeminalis (par)
72606 40373 5346
caudal subnucleus (pair)
subnucleus caudalis (par)
83959 40376 5347
trigeminal layer I (pair) ; zonal layer (pair)
lamina trigeminalis I (par) ; lamina zonalis (par)
83960 40379 5348
trigeminal layer II (pair) ; gelatinous layer (pair)
lamina trigeminalis II (par) ; lamina gelatinosa (par)
83961 40382 5349
trigeminal layer III-IV (pair) ; magnocellular layer (pair)
lamina trigeminalis III-IV (par) ; lamina magnocellularis (par)
40389 8037
nuclei viscerosensorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
72607 27843 5392
postrema area (pair)
area postrema (par)
256691 40393 5364
nuclei of solitary tract (pair) ; solitary nuclei (pair)
nuclei tractus solitarii (par) ; nuclei solitarii (par)
77467 40417 5372
posterior solitary nucleus (pair) ; dorsal solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius posterior (par) ; nucleus solitarius dorsalis (par)
229579 40420 5373
posterolateral solitary nucleus (pair) ; dorsolateral solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius posterolateralis (par) ; nucleus solitarius dorsolateralis (par)
77468 40423 5374
anterior solitary nucleus (pair) ; ventral solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius anterior (par) ; nucleus solitarius ventralis (par)
229583 40426 5375
anterolateral solitary nucleus (pair) ; ventrolateral solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius anterolateralis (par) ; nucleus solitarius ventrolateralis (par)
229585 40411 5370
medial solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius medialis (par)
77465 40408 5369
interstitial solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius interstitialis (par)
77464 40405 5368
intermediate solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius intermedius (par)
77463 40402 5367
gelatinous solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius gelatinosus (par)
77466 40414 5371
paracommissural solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius paracommissuralis (par)
54597 40399 5366
commissural solitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus solitarius commissuralis (par)
77091 40396 5365
parasolitary nucleus (pair)
nucleus parasolitarius (par)
40430 5376
nuclei vestibulares rhombencephali caudalis (par)
77095 40448 5380
marginal nucleus (pair) ; cell group Y (pair)
nucleus marginalis (par)
54611 40439 5379
medial vestibular nucleus (pair)
nucleus vestibularis medialis (par)
40442 8433
magnocellular part (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
40445 8039
parvocellular part (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par)
54608 40433 5377
inferior vestibular nucleus (pair)
nucleus vestibularis inferior (par)
77475 40436 5378
magnocellular part (pair) ; cell group F (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
40452 5381
nuclei acustici rhombencephali caudalis (par) ; nuclei auditorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
54624 40455 5382
posterior cochlear nucleus (pair) ; dorsal cochlear nucleus (pair)
nucleus cochlearis posterior (par) ; nucleus cochlearis dorsalis (par)
40458 8042
molecular layer (pair)
lamina molecularis (par)
40461 8044
granular layer (pair)
lamina granularis (par)
40464 8045
deep layer (pair)
lamina profunda (par)
31719 8046
neurons of posterior cochlear nucleus (pair)
neura nuclei cochlearis posterioris (par)
31723 8048
projection neurons (pair); principal neurons (pair)
neura projectionis (par) ; neura principalia nuclei cochlearis posterioris (par)
40470 8049
fusiform neurons (pair) ; fusiform cells (pair)
neura fusiformia (par)
40474 8050
giant neurons (pair) ; giant cells (pair)
neura gigantea (par)
31727 8052
excitatory interneurons (pair)
interneura excitatoria (par)
40479 8053
granule neurons (pair); granule cells (pair)
neura granularia (par)
31731 8055
inhibitory interneurons (pair)
interneura inhibitoria (par)
40484 8056
vertical neurons (pair) ; vertical cells (pair)
neura verticalia (par)
40488 8058
(cartwheel neurons (pair); cartwheel cells (pair))
(neura rotiformia (par) )
54621 40491 5383
anterior cochlear nucleus (pair) ; ventral cochlear nucleus (pair)
nucleus cochlearis anterior (par) ; nucleus cochlearis ventralis (par)
72571 40494 5384
anterior part (pair)
pars anterior (par)
72572 40497 5385
posterior part (pair)
pars posterior (par)
40500 8059
cupular part (pair)
pars cupularis (par)
31735 8061
neurons of anterior cochlear nucleus (pair)
neura nuclei cochlearis anterioris (par)
31739 8062
projection neurons (pair); principal neurons (pair)
neura projectionis (par) ; neura principalia nuclei cochlearis anterioris (par)
40506 8064
stellate neurons (pair) ; stellate cells (pair); T-multipolar cells (pair)
neura stellata (par)
40510 8065
spherical bushy neurons (pair) ; spherical bushy cells (pair)
neura fruticosa spherica (par)
40514 8066
globose bushy neurons (pair) ; globular bushy cells (pair)
neura fruticosa globosa (par)
40518 8068
octopus neurons (pair); octopus cells (pair)
neura octopodiformia (par)
31743 8069
inhibitory interneurons (pair)
interneura inhibitoria (par)
40523 8071
multipolar neurons (pair) ; multipolar cells (pair); D-multipolar cells (pair)
neura multipolaria (par)
40527 8072
nuclei somatomotorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
54505 40530 5361
hypoglossal nucleus (pair)
nucleus nervi hypoglossi (par)
40534 8074
nuclei branchiomotorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
54588 40537 5387
ambiguus nucleus (pair); nucleus ambiguus (pair); ERR1
nucleus ambiguus (par)
40540 5402
supraspinal nucleus (pair)
nucleus supraspinalis (par)
40544 8075
nuclei visceromotorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
72601 40547 5389
inferior salivatory nucleus (pair)
nucleus salivatorius inferior (par)
54585 40550 5363
posterior nucleus of vagus nerve (pair) ; dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve (pair)
nucleus posterior nervi vagi (par) ; nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi (par)
40553 5403
nuclei reticulares rhombencephali caudalis (par)
72576 40565 5404
gigantocellular reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus gigantocellularis (par)
77107 40571 5405
part alpha (pair)
pars alpha (par)
76832 40574 5406
anterior gigantocellular nucleus (pair) ; ventral gigantocellular nucleus (pair)
nucleus gigantocellularis anterior (par) ; nucleus gigantocellularis ventralis (par)
72577 40577 5407
lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (par)
40568 8077
proper gigantocellular nucleus (pair)
nucleus gigantocellularis proprius (par)
72579 40556 5416
central reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus reticularis centralis (par)
72581 40559 5417
dorsal part (pair)
pars dorsalis (par)
72583 40562 5418
ventral part (pair)
pars ventralis (par)
72575 40580 5414
parvocellular reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus reticularis parvocellularis (par)
72578 40583 5415
posterior paragigantocellular reticular nucleus (pair); dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus (pair)
nucleus paragigantocellularis posterior (par) ; nucleus paragigantocellularis dorsalis (par)
40586 5409
intermediate reticular zone (pair) ; intermediate reticular nucleus (pair)
zona reticularis intermedia (par) ; nucleus reticularis intermedius (par)
40589 8078
rostral ventral respiratory group (pair) ▲
centrum respiratorium ventrale rostrale (par)
40592 8080
caudal ventral respiratory group (pair) ▲
centrum respiratorium ventrale caudale (par)
40595 8081
medullary expiratory centre (pair) ; Bötzinger group of expiratory neurons (pair) ▲
centrum expiratorium medullae (par)
40598 8083
generating centre of respiratory rhythm (pair) ; pre-Bötzinger cells (pair) ▲
centrum generans motus respiratorii (par)
40601 8084
rostral ventrolateral medullary vasomotor centre (pair)
centrum vasomotorium medullae ventrolaterale rostrale (par)
40604 8086
caudal ventrolateral medullary vasomotor centre (pair)
centrum vasomotorium medullae ventrolaterale caudale (par)
40608 8087
nuclei neuromodulatorii rhombencephali caudalis (par)
40612 5420
nuclei raphes rhombencephali caudalis (par)
72584 40616 5423
raphe magnus nucleus (pair)
nucleus raphes magnus (par)
31862 8216
serotonergic cells B3 (pair)
cellulae serotonergicae B3 (par)
72585 40620 5421
raphe obscurus nucleus (pair)
nucleus raphes obscurus (par)
31854 8214
serotonergic cells B2 (pair)
cellulae serotonergicae B2 (par)
72586 40624 5422
raphe pallidus nucleus (pair)
nucleus raphes pallidus (par)
31858 8213
serotonergic cells B1 (pair)
cellulae serotonergicae B1 (par)
40629 8089
adrenergic cells of caudal rhombencephalon (pair) ; adrenergic cells C1-C2 (pair)
cellulae adrenergicae rhombencephali caudalis (par) ; cellulae adrenergicae C1-C2 (par)
40633 8090
noradrenergic cells of caudal rhombencephalon (pair) ; noradrenergic cells A1-A2 (pair)
cellulae noradrenergicae rhombencephali caudalis (par) ; cellulae noradrenergicae A1-A2 (par)
40637 8091
nuclei limbici rhombencephali caudalis (par)
77096 40640 5388
retroambiguus nucleus (pair); nucleus retroambiguus (pair)
nucleus retroambiguus (par)
40644 8093
nuclei precerebellares rhombencephali caudalis (par)
72243 40647 5353
inferior olivary complex (pair)
complexus olivaris inferior (par)
72592 40650 5354
principal olivary nucleus (pair)
nucleus olivaris principalis (par)
77086 40653 5355
posterior lamella (pair) ; dorsal lamella (pair)
lamella posterior (par) ; lamella dorsalis (par)
77088 40656 5356
anterior lamella (pair) ; ventral lamella (pair)
lamella anterior (par) ; lamella ventralis (par)
77087 40659 5357
lateral lamella (pair)
lamella lateralis (par)
72612 40662 5358
hilum of inferior olivary complex (pair)
hilum complexus olivaris inferioris (par)
72593 40665 5359
posterior accessory olivary nucleus (pair) ; dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (pair)
nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior (par) ; nucleus olivaris accessorius dorsalis (par)
72594 40668 5360
medial accessory olivary nucleus (pair)
nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis (par)
72574 40671 5410
lateral reticular nucleus (pair)
nucleus reticularis lateralis (par)
76833 40674 5411
magnocellular part (pair)
pars magnocellularis (par)
76834 40677 5412
parvocellular part (pair)
pars parvocellularis (par)
77111 40680 5413
subtrigeminal part (pair)
pars subtrigeminalis (par)
40684 5396
perihypoglossal nuclei (pair)
nuclei perihypoglossi (par)
68574 40687 5397
subhypoglossal nucleus (pair)
nucleus subhypoglossus (par)
72597 40690 5398
intercalated nucleus (pair)
nucleus intercalatus (par)
72596 40693 5399
prepositus nucleus (pair)
nucleus prepositus (par)
72609 40696 5390
arcuate nucleus (pair)
nucleus arcuatus (par)
40699 8094
conterminal nucleus (pair)
nucleus conterminalis (par)
54575 40702 5408
interfascicular nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (pair)
nucleus interfascicularis nervi hypoglossi (par)
72608 40705 5401
pontobulbar nucleus (pair)
nucleus pontobulbaris (par)
40709 8095
caudal paramedian tract nuclei (pair)
nuclei caudales partis cerebellaris (par)
40712 8097
medullary interfascicular nucleus (pair) ; paramedian tract cell group 1 (pair)
nucleus interfascicularis medullae spinalis (par)
40716 8098
pararapheal nuclei (pair)
nuclei para (par)
72581 40719 5362
posterior paramedian nucleus (pair) ; dorsal paramedian nucleus (pair)
nucleus paramedianus posterior (par) ; nucleus paramedianus dorsalis (par)
83944 5288 5288
white matter of caudal rhombencephalon ; white substance of caudal rhombencephalon
substantia alba rhombencephali caudalis
40723 8101
radices centrales rhombencephali caudalis (par)
258416 5245 5245
gracile fasciculus
fasciculus gracilis
73941 5246 5246
cuneate fasciculus
fasciculus cuneatus
72619 5307 5307
solitary tract
tractus solitarius
83851 5302 5302
spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
tractus spinalis nervi trigeminalis
27286 8099
long tracts of caudal rhombencephalon (pair)
tractus longi rhombencephali caudalis (par)
27289 8107
tractus ascendentes medullae spinalis (par)
77766 12531 12531
anterolateral tract ; anterolateral system ; spinal lemniscus
tractus anterolateralis ; systema anterolaterale ; lemniscus spinalis
5331 5331
spinorhombencephalic fibres
fibrae spinorhombencephalica
5326 5326
spinoreticular fibres of caudal rhombencephalon
fibrae spinoreticulares rhombencephali caudalis
7958 7958
cervicothalamic tract
tractus cervicothalamicus
12547 12547
spinoolivary tract
tractus spinoolivaris
7539 7539
spinovestibular tract
tractus spinovestibularis
27293 8117
tractus ascendentes trunci (par)
83675 5298 5298
medial lemniscus
lemniscus medialis
5296 5296
internal arcuate fibres
fibrae arcuatae internae
72622 5297 5297
decussation of medial lemnisci; sensory decussation
decussatio lemniscorum medialium; decussatio sensoria
34115 8453
trigeminothalamic tracts of caudal rhombencephalon
tractus trigeminothalamici rhombencephali caudalis
8454 8454
anterior trigeminothalamic tract ; ventral trigeminothalamic tract ; trigeminal lemniscus
tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior ; tractus trigeminothalamicus ventralis ; lemniscus trigeminalis
8455 8455
lateral trigeminothalamic tract
tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis
27297 8127
tractus cerebelli (par)
27305 8128
tracts of inferior cerebellar peduncle (pair)
tractus pedunculi cerebellaris inferioris (par)
72615 40727 5280
tracts of restiform body (pair)
tractus corporis restiformis (par)
73950 5319 5319
posterior spinocerebellar tract ; dorsal spinocerebellar tract
tractus spinocerebellaris posterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis
8419 8419
rostral spinocerebellar tract
tractus spinocerebellaris rostralis
12058 12058
cuneocerebellar tract
tractus cuneocerebellaris
5320 5320
cuneocerebellar fibres
fibrae cuneocerebellares
5308 5308
posterior external arcuate fibres ; dorsal external arcuate fibres
fibrae arcuatae externae posteriores ; fibrae arcuatae externae dorsales
5275 5275
anterior external arcuate fibres ; ventral external arcuate fibres
fibrae arcuatae externae anteriores ; fibrae arcuatae externae ventrales
34122 8456
trigeminocerebellar fibres
fibrae trigeminocerebellares
72638 5305 5305
olivocerebellar tract
tractus olivocerebellaris
34123 8457
nucleocerebellar fibres
fibrae nucleocerebellares
34124 8458
raphecerebellar fibres
fibrae raphecerebellares
72613 40731 5306
tracts of juxtarestiform body of cerebellum (pair)
tractus corporis juxtarestiformis (par)
25660 8459
vestibulocerebellar fibres
fibrae vestibulocerebellares
25698 8450
primary vestibulocerebellar fibres
fibrae vestibulocerebellares primariae
25699 8460
secondary vestibulocerebellar fibres
fibrae vestibulocerebellares secundariae
27116 8466
cerebellovestibular fibres
fibrae cerebellovestibulares
27138 8468
fastigiobulbar fibres
fibrae fastigiobulbares
34046 7916
fastigiospinal fibres
fibrae fastigiospinales
72642 5312 5312
anterior spinocerebellar tract ; ventral spinocerebellar tract
tractus spinocerebellaris anterior ; tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis
27301 8160
tractus descendentes trunci encephali (par)
72634 8526 8526
pyramidal tract
tractus pyramidalis
8527 8527
corticospinal tract
tractus corticospinalis
12525 12525
corticonuclear tract
tractus corticonuclearis
8528 8528
corticoreticular tract
tractus corticoreticularis
5293 5293
decussation of pyramids; motor decussation
decussatio pyramidum; decussatio motoria
25797 8126
amygdalotegmental fibres
fibrae amygdalotegmentales
77482 8415 8415
hypothalamospinal tract
tractus hypothalamospinalis
8490 8490
medial tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis medialis
8491 8491
pretectoolivary tract
tractus pretectoolivaris
8492 8492
prerubroolivary tract
tractus prerubroolivaris
7930 7930
medial longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
5481 5481
rostral rhombencephalic part
pars rhombencephalica rostralis
8446 8446
medial vestibulospinal tract
tractus vestibulospinalis medialis
62063 7620 7620
posterior longitudinal fasciculus ; dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
fasciculus longitudinalis posterior ; fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis
8479 8479
tectobulbar tract
tractus tectobulbaris
5459 5459
tectoreticular fibres
fibrae tectoreticulares
5458 5458
tectoolivary fibres
fibrae tectoolivares
8480 8480
tectospinal tract
tractus tectospinalis
83850 5476 5476
central tegmental tract
tractus tegmentalis centralis
77050 34021 5322
rubroolivary tracts
tractus rubroolivares
72611 5303 5303
amiculum of olive
amiculum olivare
75694 5234 5234
caeruleospinal tract ; coeruleospinal tract
tractus caeruleospinalis
34086 8347
reticulospinal tracts
tractus reticulospinales
73986 5212 5212
medial reticulospinal tract ; pontoreticulospinal tract ; pontine reticulospinal tract
tractus reticulospinalis medialis ; tractus pontoreticulospinalis
75689 5224 5224
lateral reticulospinal tract ; bulboreticulospinal tract ; medullary reticulospinal tract
tractus reticulospinalis lateralis ; tractus bulboreticulospinalis
27441 7883
cerebellospinal tracts
tractus cerebellospinales
75690 8469 8469
fastigiospinal tract
tractus fastigiospinalis
75691 5221 5221
interpositospinal tract
tractus interpositospinalis
73974 5318 5318
lateral vestibulospinal tract
tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis
34129 8443
raphespinal tracts
tractus raphespinales
8444 8444
lateral raphespinal tract
tractus raphespinalis lateralis
75686 5310 5310
anterior raphespinal tract ; ventral raphespinal tract
tractus raphespinalis anterior ; tractus raphespinalis ventralis
8447 8447
solitariospinal tract
tractus solitariospinalis
1698 lines
92.2 %
96.4 %
12 partial items
3946 entities
Scientific notes
UID
Libelle of note
5224
For the Reticulospinal tracts various terms are used in the literature. Following the study on human reticulospinal fibres by Nathan PW, Smith MC, Deacon P (1996 Vestibulospinal, reticulospinal and descending propriospinal nerve fibres in man. Brain 119:1809-1833), here, a simplified subdivision into a Lateral (from The Myelencephalon) and a Medial reticulospinal tract (from the Pons) is advocated.
5263
The Diencephalon in its classic, columnar view was divided into four dorsoventrally arranged columns separated by ventricular sulci: the Epithalamus, the Dorsal thalamus, the Ventral thalamus and the Hypothalamus. Extensive embryological studies made it clear that the thalamic 'columns' are derived from transversely oriented zones, the Prosomeres (see TE). Currently, the (Caudal) Diencephalon is subdivided into three segmental units, which from caudal to rostral, contain in their alar domains the Pretectum (prosomere 1 or P1), the Epithalamus and the Thalamus (P2) and the Ventral thalamus or Prethalamus (P3). The diencephalic basal plate contains the rostral part of the Substantia nigra-VTA complex and some other nuclei, collectively forming the Diencephalic or Prerubral tegmentum between the Mesencephalon and the Hypothalamus. The entire Hypothalamus or Rostral diencephalon arises from the alar and basal components of the secondary prosencephalon. The Preoptic area is one of the subpallial developmental domains (Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C 2013 A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 36:570-578).
5340
For the Nucleus cuneatus (Cuneate nucleus), the new subdivision into 4 parts by Florence SL, Wall JT, Kaas JH (1989 Somatotopic organization of inputs from the hand to the spinal gray and cuneate nucleus of monkeys. J Comp Neurol 286:48-70) is used, as in Paxinos G, Huang X-F (1995 Atlas of the Human Brainstem. Academic Press, San Diego).
5362
The Nucleus paramedianus posterior is also known as the Nucleus of the anterior funiculus, and possibly, is a precerebellar nucleus (Baizer JS, Baker JF, Haas K, Lima R 2007 Neurochemical organization of the nucleus paramedianus dorsalis in the human. Brain Res 1176:45-52; Olszewski and Baxter3, page 281).
5389
It should be noted that the Inferior and Superior salivatory nuclei appear to be a distributed set of neurons that do not condense into nuclei as such (Blessing WB 2004 Lower brain stem regulation of visceral, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 465-478).
5409
The Zona reticularis intermedia (Intermediate reticular zone of Paxinos et al. 1990) is the junctional zone between the alar and basal plates in the medulla oblongata and retropontine tegmentum. It contains the motoneurons of the ambiguus, retrofacial and facial nuclei, and the retroambiguus nucleus (Paxinos G, Huang X-F 1995 Atlas of the Human Brain Stem. Academic Press, CA). The IRZ around this motoneuron column includes the Bötzinger complex, the pre-Bötzinger complex and rostral and ventral respiratory and vasomotor groups (Blessing WW, Benarroch EE 2012 Lower brainstem regulation of visceral, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Central Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1058-1073). Alternatively, certain nuclei have been grouped as Lateral reticular formation (Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C 2008 The Human Central Nervous System, 4th ed. Springer, Heidelberg).
5575
Traditionally, the Mesencephalon was subdivided into the Tectum (the Colliculi) and the Pedunculus (the Crus cerebri, the Substantia.VTA complex and the Tegmentum mesencephali). Here it is advocated to use the term Pedunculus only for what it actually is: a large bundle of fibres from the Telencephalon to the Brain stem and Spinal cord.
5598
The Pars compacta may be further subdivided into two parts or tiers, each with subnuclei (Braak H, Braak E 1986 Nuclear configuration and neuronal types of the nucleus niger in the brain of the human adult. Human Neurobiol 5:71-82; van Domburg PHMF, ten Donkelaar HJ 1991 The human substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 121:1-130); here, the subdivision by Halliday G, Reyes S, Double K (2012 Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral fields. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 439-455) is used. The various subnuclei partly correspond to the subdivision into Nigrosomes and Matrix (Damier P, Hirsch EC, Agid Y, Graybiel AM 1999 The substantia nigra of the human brain. I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28k immunohistochemistry. Brain 122:1421-1436).
5672
The Nucleus externus is a laminar structure; in Amunts K, Morosan P, Hilbig H, Zilles K (2012 Auditory system. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1270-1300) described as External cortex of Inferior colliculus (ECIC) to replace the TA term Nucleus lateralis. In TH, the Nucleus pericentralis is described as Dorsal cortex with Layers I-IV, based on: Geniec P, Morest DK (1971) The neuronal architecture of the human posterior colliculus; Acta Oto-Laryngol 295:(Suppl):1-33; supported by immunohistochemical data in rhesus monkeys by Amunts et al. (2012; their Dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus).
5673
See note # 5672
5738
Recent data suggest that the Tonsilla is comparable to the Dorsal paraflocculus, and the Paraflocculus accessorius to the Ventral paraflocculus (see Voogd and Ruigrok 2012). The Paraflocculus accessorius forms part of Lobule HIX.
5813
For the Thalamic nuclei, a new subdivision based on Hirai T, Jones EG (1989 A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining. Brain Res Rev 14:1-34) and updated by Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D (1997 Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol 387:618-677) is used to replace the list of terms in TA (14.1.08.603-14.1.08.658), largely a matter of a more practical grouping of nuclei. As Latin synonym the term Regio is adopted from Percheron G (2004 Thalamus. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 592-675).
5971
Some new items have been added from ten Donkelaar HJ, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Mai JK (2018) Toward a common terminology for the gyri and sulci of the human cerebral cortex. Front Neuroanat 12:93.
5972
The Pallium has four components of which the Pallium dorsale gives rise to the Isocortex (Neocortex), the Pallium laterale to the Claustro-insular complex, the Pallium mediale to the Formatio hippocampi, and the Pallium ventrale to the Olfactory cortex and the Pallial amygdala (see TE, Section Neuroembryology).
5992
For the Polus frontalis (Frontal pole) and its subdivision, see Petrides M, Pandya DN (2012 The frontal lobe. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 988-1011; Bludau S, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, et al. (2014) Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and functions of the human frontal pole. Neuroimage 93:260-275.
5996
For subdivision of Broca’s area, see Amunts K, Schleicher A, Bürgel U, et al. (1999 Broca’s region revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. J Comp Neurol 412:319-341). The Sulcus diagonalis (of Eberstaller) is a variable branch of the Sulcus lateralis, dividing the Pars opercularis into two parts. The Sulcus radiatus (of Eberstaller) may indent the Pars triangularis from above.
6005
See note # 6006
6006
The Angular and supramarginal gyri form with the Parietal operculum the Lobulus parietalis inferior (Inferior parietal lobule or IPL). The Gyrus angularis (Angular gyrus; BA39) can be further subdivided (see Caspers S, Amunts K, Zilles K 2012 Posterior parietal cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1036-1035). The Operculum parietale (Parietal operculum) contains four cytoarchitectonic, functionally defined areas OP1-4 (see Eickhoff S, Schleicher A, Zilles K, Amunts K 2006a The human parietal operculum. I. Cytoarchitectonic mapping of subdivisions. Cereb Cortex 16:254-267; Eickhoff S, Amunts K, Mohlberg H, Zilles K 2006b Stereotaxic maps and correlation with functional imaginig results. Cereb Cortex 16:268-279). The Gyrus supramarginalis (Supramarginal gyrus; BA40) can be further subdivided (see Caspers et al. 2012).
6007
See note # 6006
6008
In monkeys, the Intraparietal sulcus contains numerous intraparietal areas (AIP, LIP, MIP, PIP and VIP), area PEip and area V6A (Rizzolatti G, Luppino G, Matelli M 1998 The organization of the cortical motor system: New concepts. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106:283-296). In the human brain, at least AIP and VIP areas have been identified (Seitz RJ, Binkofski F 2003 Modular organization of parietal lobe functions as revealed by functional activation studies. Adv Neurol 93:281-292).
6011
The Lobulus parietalis superior (Superior parietal lobule or SPL) can be divided into a Preparietal area (BA5 with subdivisions) and a Superior parietal area (BA7 with subdivisions; see Scheperjans F, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, et al. 2008 Probabilistic maps, cytoarchitectonic morphometry, and variability of areas in human superior parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 18:2141-2157).
6012
See note # 6006
6019
The Gyrus temporalis superior (Superior temporal gyrus; BA22) is not a homogeneous cortical area; it contains various cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct cortical areas. Its Pars anterior (Anterior part or Belt area) forms the Secondary auditory cortex (BA42 or A2; see Morosan P, Rademacher J, Schleicher A, et al. 2001 Human primary auditory cortex: Cytoarchitecture, subdivisions and mapping into a spatial reference system. Neuroimage 13:684-701; Zilles and Amunts 2012). Its Pars posterior (Posterior part or Wernicke's area) is a loosely defined region which comprises the Posterior part of BA22 but also parts of the Inferior parietal lobule.
6020
See note # 6019
6021
The Dorsal part of the Gyrus temporalis superior contains three Sulci temporales transversi (Transverse temporal sulci): the Planum polare (Polar plane) is separated from the Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl by the Sulcus temporalis transversus anterior (Anterior transverse temporal sulcus), the Gyri temporales transversi (Transverse temporal gyri) are subdivided by the Sulcus temporalis transversus intermedius (Intermediate transverse temporal sulcus), and the Planum temporale (Temporal plane) is separated from the Posterior transverse temporal gyrus by the Sulcus temporalis transversus posterior (Posterior transverse temporal sulcus or Heschl's sulcus; see Duvernoy 1992).
6024
See note # 6021
6029
For the Inferomedial aspect of the Temporal lobe, usually the terms Gyrus temporalis inferior (T3), Gyrus fusiformis (T4) and Gyrus parahippocampalis (T5) are used, separated by the Occipitotemporal and the Collateral sulci.
6030
See note # 9188
6052
The following Gyri orbitales can be distinguished: 1) the Gyrus orbitalis medialis, the gyrus between the olfactory sulcus and the medial orbital sulcus; 2) the Gyrus orbitalis anterior, the cortex rostral to the transverse orbital sulcus; 3) the Gyrus orbitalis posterior, the cortex caudal to the transverse orbital sulcus; and 4) the Gyrus orbitalis lateralis, the gyrus lateral to the lateral orbital sulcus. The caudal parts of the medial and posterior orbital gyri merge to form the Lobulus orbitalis posteromedialis as described by Türe U, Yasargil DCH, Al-Mefti O, Yasargil MC (1999 Topographic anatomy of the insular region. J Neurosurg 90:720-733) and Naidich TP, Kang E, Fatterpekar GM, et al. (2004 The insula: Anatomic study and MR imaging display at 1.5T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:222-232). Mai and Majtanik (2017 Human Brain in Standard MNI Space. Academic/Elsevier, San Diego) also described a Regio orbitalis posterolateralis.
6053
Lateral to the Sulcus olfactorius, there are two longitudinally directed sulci, the Sulcus orbitalis medialis and the Sulcus orbitalis lateralis, which are joined together by the Sulcus orbitalis transversus to form the impression of an H or a K pattern (Duvernoy 1992; Petrides and Pandya 2012). The cingulate sulcus continues around the rostrum of the corpus callosum, where it is also known as the Sulcus rostralis superior. This sulcus may continue as the Sulcus rostralis inferior, which separates the straight gyrus from the medial surface of the frontal lobe.
6067
The Gyrus cingularis (Cingulate gyrus) can at least be divided into an Anterior, a Posterior and a Retrosplenial part. Vogt BA, Palomero-Gallagher N (2012 Cingulate cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 943-987) added a Midcingulate cortex.
6069
See note # 8762
6071
The Uncus is treated in various ways: 1) as the rostral part of the Parahippocampal gyrus; 2) as a structure on its own. TNA suggests the latter. Insausti R and Amaral DG (2012 Hippocampal formation. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 896-942) advocated to restrict the term Uncus to the Gyrus uncinatus, the Band or limbus of Giacomini and the Gyrus intralimbicus (or Uncal apex). The Sulcus semianularis (Semi-anular sulcus) separates the Ambient and Semilunar sulci (see Duvernoy HM 1992, 1998 The Human Hippocampus, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York). The Gyrus uncinatus is the most rostral part of Uncal bulge, according to Insausti and Amaral (2012) and part of field CA1. The Limbus fasciae dentatae (Band of dentate gyrus) is the Middle part of the Uncus, first described by Giacomini CH (1884 Fascia dentata du grand hippocampe dans le cerveau de l'homme. Arch Ital Biol 5:1-16, 205-209, 396-417) and part of the Dentate gyrus. The Gyrus intralimbicus (Intralimbic gyrus or Uncal apex) is the most caudal part of the Uncal bulge and part of field CA3.
6125
The Archicortex includes the Hippocampus (Ammon's horn, Dentate gyrus and Subiculum), Presubiculum, Parasubiculum, Entorhinal cortex, Retrosplenial cortex and a cortical band in the Cingulate gyrus (Stephan 1975; Zilles K, Amunts K 2012 Architecture of the cerebral cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 836-895).
6126
The Paleocortex includes the Olfactory bulb, Retrobulbar region ('Anterior olfactory nucleus'), Olfactory tubercle, Septal and Piriform (BA51) regions and a minor part of the Amygdala (Stephan 1975; Zilles and Amunts 2012).
6128
The Allocortex includes the Paleocortex and the Archicortex (Filimonoff IN 1947 A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 58:296-311; Stephan H 1975 Allocortex. In: Bargmann W (ed) Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, Vol 4: Nervensystem, Band 9. Springer).
6129
The Mesocortex (Rose M 1927 Der Allocortex bei Tier und Mensch. I. Teil. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 34:1-11) comprises the Proisocortex, a transition area between the Isocortex and the Allocortex, and the Periallocortex, the adjoining part of the Allocortex (Filimonoff 1947); also known as Paralimbic cortex (Mesulam 1985). The Periallocortex can further be subdivided into the Peripaleocortex (Claustrum) and the Periarchicortex (Entorhinal, Presubicular and Retrosplenial cortices and part of the Cingulate gyrus; Filimonoff 1947; Zilles and Amunts 2012).
6167
Under this Heading the structures presented in TA as Substantia basalis, Substantia innominata and Area septalis are grouped. Reichert's 'Substantia innominata' was for a long time a 'terra incognita' of the Basal forebrain. The extensive studies by Heimer and colleagues (Heimer L, Harlan RE, Alheid GF, et al. 1997 Substantia innominata: A notion which impedes clinico-anatomical correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience 76:957-1006; Heimer et al. 1999; Sakamoto et al. 1999) make the term SI more or less superfluous.
6168
The Nuclei of the Corpus amygdaloideum (Amygdaloid body) are replaced into groups following de Olmos JS (2004 Amygdala. In Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 739-868) and Mai JK, Paxinos G, Voss T (2008 Atlas of the Human Brain, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam).
6182
See note # 8686
6185
The Nucleus striae terminalis (Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) can be subdivided into various subnuclei, the best known are the Lateral and Medial divisions (see Heimer L, de Olmos J, Alheid GF, et al. 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 1. Handb Chem Neuroanatomy 15:57-226; Sakamoto N, Pearson J, Shinoda K, Alheid GF 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 1. Handb Chem Neuroanat 15:1-55).
6187
Traditionally, the Claustrum is divided into a Dorsal (Insular) claustrum, connected with the Isocortex, and a Ventral (Piriform) claustrum or Endopiriform nucleus, connected with the Allocortex (see Druga R 2014 The structure and connections of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran VS, eds: The Claustrum, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 29-84).
6230
The Subpallium develops from four Developmental domains (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C 2013 A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 36:570-578). Traditionally, the Preoptic area is discussed together with the Hypothalamus. The Amygdala arises from all four Subpallial domains as well as from the Pallium ventrale.
6254
The Pars retrolentiformis of the Internal capsule should be treated as a separate component, not as part of the Posterior limb; Crus retrolentiforme suggested as synonym. The Pars sublentiformis also forms a separate component of the Internal capsule; Crus sublentiforme suggested as synonym.
6259
See note # 6254
6267
The Capsula extrema (Extreme capsule) forms one of the Long association systems involved in language processing (see Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M 2012 Atlas of Human Brain Connections. Oxford University Press, Oxford).
6269
Although in the Fasciculus arcuatus (Arcuate fasciculus) three segments (anterior, long and posterior) were distinguished (Cayani M, Jones DK, ffytche DH 2005 Perisylvian language pathways. Ann Neurol 57:8-16), more recent research showed that the anterior segment belongs to the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the posterior segment is in reality separate and was renamed Fasciculus temporoparietalis verticalis (temporoparietal vertical or aslant tract), leaving the long segment as the true arcuate fasciculus (Fernandez-Miranda JC, Wang Y, Pathak S, et al. 2015 Asymmetry, connectivity, and segmentation of the arcuate fascicle in the human brain. Brain Struct Funct 220:3665-3680)
6272
The Fasciculus longitudinalis superior (Superior longitudinal fasciculus) appears to be composed of three bundles (SLFI-III or Superior, Middle and Inferior; Makris N, Kennedy DN, McInerney S, et al. 2005 Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: A quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Cereb Cortex 15:854-869) as in monkeys (Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN 2006 Fiber Pathways of the Brain. Oxford University Press, New York; Thiebaut de Schotten M, Dell'Acqua F, Valabreque R, Catani M 2012 Monkey to human comparative anatomy of the frontal lobe association tracts. Cortex 48:82-96).
6273
Here, the new nomenclature for the long association fibres of the cerebrum is advocated as proposed by Mandonnet E, Sarubbo S, Petit L (2018 The nomenclature of human white matter association pathways: Proposal for a systematic taxonomic anatomical classification. Front Neuroanat 12:94).
6274
The Fibrae U-figuratae (U-shaped fibres) were first described by Meynert (1872), and replaced the term Fibrae arcuatae cerebri (Arnold 1838) that became obsolete.
6278
Recently, the Fasciculus temporoparietalis verticalis (Temporoparietal aslant tract) was demonstrated, replacing the vertical segment of the arcuate fasciculus (Panesar SS, Belo JT, Yeh F-C, Fernandez-Miranda JC 2019 Structure, asymmetry, and connectivity of the human temporo-parietal asland and vertical occipital fasciculi. Brain Struct Funct 224:907-923; see also 6273).
6286
(Commissura hippocampi): The old term Psalterium has been added; much in use by clinicians; for a study on the cells of origin of commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation, see Amaral DG, Insausti R, Cowan WM (1984) The commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 224:307-336.
7460
The Tractus vestibulomesencephalici include (Büttner-Ennever JA, Gerrits NM 2004 Vestibular system. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds. The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1213-1240): the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis, containing fibres from Vestibular nuclei to Oculomotor nuclei, passing via the MLF; the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis, with fibres from the Lateral vestibular nucleus to Oculomotor nuclei, passing just lateral to the MLF (eponym: Ascending tract of Deiters; the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis, with fibres from the Y group and the Superior vestibular nucleus crossing in the Ventral tegmentum either within or below the Brachium conjunctivum.
8147
New term, described by Horn, AKE, Büttner-Ennever, JA (1998 Premotor neurons for vertical eye-movements in the rostral mesencephalon of monkey and man: The histological identification by parvalbumin immunostaining. J Comp Neurol 392:413-427) as a premotor nucleus for vertical eye movements.
8150
See note # 8641
8248
The use of 'stellatum' for the Golgi cells is unfortunate, given the presence of other Stellate cells in the Molecular layer. As Latin term Neuron golgiense and as English term Golgi cell were accepted at the FIPAT Meeting in Istanbul, 2015.
8249
See note # 8248
8347
See note # 5224
8426
(Tractus trigeminothalamici): The Tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior arises in the Spinal trigeminal nucleus and joins the Medial lemniscus, whereas the Tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis arises in the Caudal part of the Spinal trigeminal nucleus and joins the Anterolateral tract.
8430
(Tractus vestibulothalamicus): In monkeys, Vestibulothalamic projections pass via both the FLM and the Ascending tract of Deiters (Lang W, Büttner-Ennever JA, Büttner U 1979 Vestibular projections to the monkey thalamus: An autoradiographic study. Brain Res 177:3-17). Zwergal et al. (2008) demonstrated a Vestibulothalamic tract adjacent to the Medial lemniscus in humans (Zwergal A, Büttner-Ennever JA, Brandt T, Strupp M 2008 An ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract adjacent to the medial lemniscus in humans. Brain 131:2928-2935).
8453
See note # 8426
8539
The Via endofolialis (Endfolial pathway) is composed of Hilar Schaffer collaterals from CA3h (see Lim C, Mufson EJ, Kordower JH, et al. 1997 Connections of the hippocampal formation in humans. II. The endfolial pathway. J Comp Neurol 385:352-371).
8578
The two 'Olfactory gyri' in TA suggested their presence as clearly identifiable structures; this is not true. These terms remained from the classic description of the Rhinencephalon (see Gastaut H, Lammers HJ 1961 Anatomie du rhinencéphale. Masson, Paris) and have been deleted. The Cortex piriformis or Cortex olfactorius primarius is the real Olfactory cortex, and can be divided into Frontal and Temporal parts (Allison AC 1954 The secondary olfactory areas in the human brain. J Anat (Lond) 88:481-488; Heimer L, de Olmos J, Alheid GF, et al. 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 2. Handb Chem Neuroanat 15:57-226).
8622
The basal parts of the prosomeres P1-P3 form several nuclei, previously included in the Mesencephalon (see General footnote). The rostral parts of the Substantia nigra/VTA-complex also derive from P1-P3. The term Tegmentum prerubrale is preferred as topographic term over Tegmentum diencephali.
8624
The Nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis is a recently discovered Preoptic nucleus, a sleep-promoting nucleus (Saper CB, Chou TC, Scammell TE 2001 The sleep switch: Hypothalamic control of sleep and wakefulness. Trends Neurosci 24:726-731).
8632
The Nucleus ventromedialis posterior (Ventromedial posterior nucleus; VMpo) is a newly discovered nucleus involved in pain perception as part of the Ventromedial nucleus (Blomqvist A, Zhang ET, Craig AD 2000 Cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical characterization of a specific pain and tempearature relay, the posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus, in the human thalamus. Brain 123:601-619).
8641
Replaced from Mesencephalon; for the subdivision of this nucleus, Principal and Magnocellular parts are adopted, following Olszewski and Baxter3. The Ventral division is renamed as Nucleus ellipticus (coming from Cetacea and Proboscidea) or Nucleus of Darkschewitsch, not part of the Nucleus of the posterior commissure.
8659
The Sulcus frontomarginalis (Frontomarginal sulcus of Wernicke) is an important landmark in the frontal polar region (Duvernoy HM 1992 Le cerveau humain. Springer, Paris; Tamraz JC, Comair YG 2006 Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York), and used as such in the DTI literature (Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M 2012 Atlas of Human Brain Connections. Oxford University Press, Oxford).
8663
The various Motor areas of the Frontal lobe are known as F1-F7 in monkey brains (see Geyer G, Luppino L, Rozzi G 2012 Motor cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1012-1035): F1 is the Primary motor cortex, F2 the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius dorsalis, F3, the the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius medialis (SMA proper), F4 the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius ventralis, F5 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius ventralis, F6 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius medialis (Pre-SMA), and F7 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius dorsalis.
8664
See note # 8663
8665
See note # 8663
8666
Usually, the Sulcus centralis does not reach the Sulcus lateralis and is separated from it by a short gyrus, the Gyrus subcentralis, which is formed by the 'fusion' of the Precentral and Postcentral gyri in their ventralmost parts. The Subcentral gyrus is delimited in front and behind by the Anterior and Posterior subcentral sulci (Dejerine 1895; Duvernoy 1992; Petrides and Pandya 2012). Also known as: Central or Rolandic operculum, and Inferior frontoparietal 'pli de passage'.
8667
See note # 8666
8668
See note # 8666
8671
See note # 8663
8672
See note # 8663
8675
See note # 6052
8676
See note # 6052
8677
See note # 6052
8678
See note # 6052
8679
See note # 6053
8680
See note # 6053
8681
See note # 6053
8686
The term Nucleus olfactorius anterior of TA is mostly cortical and is replaced by the more appropriate term Regio retrobulbaris (see Zilles and Amunts 2012). The two- or three-layered structure recognizable in lower primates is hardly visible in the human brain.
8706
See note # 6019
8708
See note # 6019
8714
The Cortex ectorhinalis (BA36) is often included as part of the Perirhinal cortex (Ding S-L, Van Hoesen GW 2010 Borders, extent, and topography of human perirhinal cortex as revealed using multiple modern neuroanatomical and pathological markers. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1359-1379) but lies on the other side of the Collateral sulcus.
8719
The Cortex perirhinalis (Perirhinal cortex) is also not included in TA; for description, see Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA, et al. (2013 Predicting the location of human perirhinal cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 64:32-42).
8724
Field CA4 appears to correspond most closely to the polymorph zone of the Dentate gyrus, and, therefore, is not a field of the Hippocampus at all. Amaral and Insausti (Amaral DG, Insausti R 1990 Hippocampal formation. In: Paxinos G, ed: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 711-755) suggested the term 'CA3h' for the pyramidal cells within the hilus ('h'), continuous with CA3.
8734
See note # 6071
8735
See note # 6071
8736
See note # 6071
8737
See note # 6071
8738
See note # 6071
8739
In the French literature, for the Inner ring of the Limbic lobe the term Gyrus intralimbicus is used. In the German literature, however, this term is used for the Uncal apex.
8740
The Cortex entorhinalis (Entorhinal cortex) is not included in TA; for description, see Braak H, Braak E (1992 The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases. Neurosci Res 15:6-31. The Substantia reticularis alba (White reticular substance of Arnold) is the white matter surrounding the darker patches of Layer 2 cell islands. The Verrucae hippocampi (Hippocampal warts) are located above these cell islands and described by Retzius G (1896 Das Menschenhirn: Studien in der makroskopischen Morphologie. Norstedt, Stockholm) and Klingler J (1948 Die makroskopische Anatomie der Ammonsformation. Denkschr Schweiz Naturforsch Ges, Vol 78, Fretz, Zürich). They mark the surface of the Entorhinal cortex.
8742
See note # 8740
8756
The Sulcus intrarhinalis (Intrarhinal sulcus) is found between the Ambient gyrus and the Entorhinal cortex (see Duvernoy 1992; Insausti and Amaral 2012).
8757
See note # 8762
8762
The Dentes subiculi (Gyri of Andreas Retzius) were described by Retzius (1896) for the Caudal part of CA1 at the Hippocampal tail; the term Gyri subspleniales (Subsplenial gyri) indicate their position. Deep to the Gyri andreae retzii, two obliquely oriented small gyri are found (Duvernoy 1998; Insausti and Amaral 2012): 1) a medial gyrus: the Fasciola cinerea, which forms the visible part of the Dentate gyrus as descibed by Giacomini (1884) and Klingler (1948); and 2) a lateral gyrus: Gyrus fasciolaris (Fasciolar gyrus), corresponding to the caudal end of the CA3 field.
8768
The Cortex perirhinalis (Perirhinal cortex; BA35) and the Transentorhinal subregion of Braak and Braak (1992) are somewhat synonymous terms (Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA, et al. 2013 Predicting the location of human perirhinal cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 64:32-42). In other studies (Ding S-L, Van Hoesen GW 2010 Borders, extent, and topography of human perirhinal cortex as revealed using multiple modern neuroanatomical and pathological markers. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1359-1379), BA 36 is included within the Perirhinal cortex. This is unfortunate since BA35 is periarchicortex but BA36 (Ectorhinal cortex) is truly isocortex. The Layers of BA35 are comparable to those of the adjacent Entorhinal cortex.
8780
See note # 5996
8781
The Sulcus intermedius primus (First intermediate sulcus of Jensen) may subdivide the Lobulus parietalis inferior into the Gyrus supramarginalis and the Gyrus angularis (Duvernoy 1992; Tamraz and Comair 2006). The Sulcus intermedius secundus (Second intermediate sulcus of Eberstaller) is found posterior to Jensen's sulcus.
8782
See note # 8781
8793
See note # 5972
8797
The large cholinergic neurons of the Striatum were originally described as Giant interneurons by Kölliker. Three types of GABAergic striatal interneurons can be distinguished, based on size and the colocalization of Parvalbumin, Somatostatin/NPY and Calretinin (Bolam 2010; Haber et al. 2012).
8798
See note # 5972
8820
Mainly GABAergic interneurons (see Markram H, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wang Y, et al. 2004 Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:793-807; Ascoli GA et al. 2008 Petilla terminology: Nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:557-568; DeFelipe J et al. 2013 New insights into the classification and nomenclature of cortical GABAergic interneurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:202-216); the current subdivision is based on preferred postsynaptic region.
8826
See note # 5972
8827
See note # 5972
8830
Functional subdivision of the Isocortex as described by Mesulam M-M (1985 Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy. In: Mesulam M-M, ed: Principles of Behavioral Neurology. Davis, Philadelphia, PN, pp 1-70). The Granular isocortex ranges from Hypergranular through Granular to Dysgranular.
8993
Not in TA, and added. Not distinguished by Larsell O, Jansen J (1972 The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum. The human cerebellum, cerebellar connections, and cerebellar cortex. University of Minneapolis, MN) and Schmahmann et al. (1999 Neuroimage 10:233-260), but by Voogd J, Ruigrok TJH (2012 Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 471-545). First described as 'Zungenband' by Stilling (1864) and as Vinculum linguae by Henle (1879).
9035
The Subdivision of the Hypothalamic nuclei is rearranged into three Hypothalamic areas: Anterior (Chiasmatic), Middle (Tuberal) and Posterior (Mamillary). The Dorsal hypothalamic area forms part of the Lateral hypothalamic area. The LHA is incorporated into the three Hypothalamic areas.
9122
The Lobulus parietalis superior may be divided into an anterior and a posterior portion by the Sulcus parietalis transversus (Transverse parietal sulcus of Brissaud), originating on the medial side and extending to the lateral side of the hemisphere (see Tamraz and Comair 2006).
9135
Here, the Isocortical neurons are added, in part following and modifying TH terms. They are subdivided into Pyramidal neurons (Projection, Commissural nand Association eurons) and Excitatory and Inhibitory interneurons. In general, Small pyramidal neurons are found in Layer II and give rise to ipsilateral Corticocortical projections. Medium-sized pyramidal neurons are found in Layer III and give rise to Commissural projections. The Large pyramidal neurons in Layer V give rise to the Corticofugal projections (Mountcastle VB 1998 The Cerebral Cortex. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
9180
The Pallium laterale gives rise to the Claustro-insular complex (see Puelles L 2014 Development and evolution of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran VS, eds: The Claustrum, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 119-176).
9188
The Insula is composed of three Belt regions (see Mesulam M-M and Mufson EJ (1985 The insula of Reil in man and monkey. Architectonics, connectivity and function. In: Peters A, Jones EG, eds, Cerebral Cortex, Vol 4, Plenum Press, New York, pp 179-226): 1) The Cortex insularis agranularis (Agranular insular cortex, where Layers II and IV are lacking) in the Anterior insula is characterized by a Superficial pyramidal layer and an Inner cell layer, continuous with the Pyramidal layer of the Piriform cortex. Here, the recently rediscovered von Economo neurons (VENs) are found (see Allman JM, Tetreault NA, Hakeem AY, et al. 2011 The von Economo neurons in fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortex. Ann NY Acad Sci 1225:59-71). 2) The Cortex insularis dysgranularis (Dysgranular insular cortex), a Proisocortical region characterized by the presence of an inconspicuous Inner granular layer IV. Layers V and VI are also not as clearly separated from each other as in true isocortex. 3) The Cortex insularis granularis (Granular insular cortex), a posterior granular region with clearly visible Inner (layer IV) and Outer (layer II) granular layers (True isocortex; see also Zilles and Amunts 2012).
9202
See note # 5738
9223
See note # 9188
9227
See note # 9188
9305
The classic Golgi studies by Cajal (Ramón y Cajal S 1909-1911 Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés. Maloine, Paris) and Lorente de Nó R (1934 Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex. II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 46:113-177) showed the presence of some 20 different types of interneurons in the Hippocampus. Most of them have been immunohistochemically defined (see Freund TF, Buzsaki G 1996 Interneurons of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 6:347-470; Somogyi P 2010 Hippocampus: Intrinsic organization. In: Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds: Handbook of Brain Microcircuitry. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 148-164). Some 28 types of GABAergic interneurons can be distinguished (Somogyi 2010), basically: Basket neurons, Bistratified neurons, and Chandelier neurons.
9368
There are many types of Short-axon cells described by among others Blanes, Cajal (Vertical cell), Golgi and Van Gehuchten (Mori K 1987) Membrane and synaptic properties of identified neurons in the olfactory bulb. Prog Neurobiol 29:275-430; Shepherd GM, Chen WR, Greer CA 2004 Olfactory bulb. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford Uniersity Press, New York, pp 165-216). As in TH, these cells are not included.
9417
In the Cortex entorhinalis (Entorhinal cortex), Insausti et al. (Insausti R, Tuñón T, Sobreviela T, et al. 1995 The human entorhinal cortex: A cytoarchitectonic analysis. J Comp Neurol 355:171-198) distinguished 8 subfields (EO, ER, ELR, EMI, EI, ELC, EC and ECL). For the layers of the Entorhinal cortex, the subdivision by Insausti and Amaral (2012) into six Laminae is advocated. To avoid confusion with isocortical layers, here, arabic numerals are used as in the literature. TH Latin and English terms (H4.8.03.104/114) are added. For Layers 2 and 3, the general term External principal layer is advocated, for Layer 5 Internal principal layer, following Braak H, Braak E (1992 The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases. Neurosci Res 15:6-31). Layer 2 is made up of islands of relatively large and darkly stained modified pyramidal and stellate cells (Braak and Braak 1992: Pre-a). Layer 3 corresponds to layers Pre-ß and Pre-? of Braak and Braak (1992). The layers Pre-a, Pre-ß and Pre-? form their External principal layer. Layer 5 corresponds to the Internal principal layer with sublayers Pri-a, Pri-ß and Pri-? of Braak and Braak (1992).
9433
The complex Cortex retrosplenialis (Retrosplenial cortex) consists of Periarchicortical (BA26) and Proisocortical (BA29, 30) areas (Braak H 1980 Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York; Zilles and Amunts 2012). The TH nomenclature (H4.8.03.122/129) seems to combine these different structures. The Cortex ectosplenialis (Ectosplenial cortex; BA26) has a primitive three-laminar pattern with Molecular, Densocellular and Multiform layers. The Cortex retrosplenialis granularis (Granular retrosplenial cortex; BA29) shows a four-layered structure: Molecular, External and Internal pyramidal and Multiform layers. The Cortex retrosplenialis dysgranularis (Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex; BA 30) shows a further progression of laminar differentiation with an additional (Internal) granular layer.
9454
For further subdivision of the Cortex cingularis (Cingulate cortex) with Layers, see Vogt BA, Palomero-Gallager N (2012) Cingulate cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 934-987.
9459
This term, introduced in 1684 by Vieussens as 'Centrum ovale' to indicate the oval shape of the Cerebral white matter, continuous with the Internal capsule, was later changed into Centrum semiovale by Flatau E (1894 Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns und des Faserverlaufes. Karger, Berlin) and others. In the clinical literature, this term is common usage. It was included by His and colleagues in the BNA.
9508
The Pedunculus temporalis (Temporal peduncle) forms the connection between the temporal and frontal lobes and contains: (1) the Fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior (Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus); and (2) the Fasciculus uncinatus cerebri (Uncinate fasciculus).
9509
The Fasciculus subcallosus (Subcallosal fasciculus or Bundle of Muratoff; Muratoff W 1893 Secundäre Degenerationen nach Durchschneidung des Balkens. Neurol Centralbl 12:714-729) forms a separate bundle of Corticostriatal fibres (see Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN 2007 The complex history of the fronto-occipital fasciculus. J Hist Med 16:362-377).
9510
The Fasciculus frontalis obliquus (Frontal aslant tract or Frontal oblique tract) connects the SMA and pre-SMA with the opercular part of the Inferior frontal gyrus (Catani M, Dell'Acqua F, Vergani F, et al. 2012 Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain. Cortex 48:273-291).
9583
De Olmos (de Olmos J 1990 Amygdala. In: Paxinos G, ed: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 583-710) introduced the term 'Olfactory amygdala' for the 'Superficial cortex-like amygdaloid region' (Yilmazer-Hanke DM 2012 Amygdala. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 759-834).
9840
The Striatum and Putamen consist of AChE-poor Striosomes within an AChE-rich matrix (Graybiel AM, Ragsdale CW Jr 1978 Histochemically distinct compartments in the striatum of human, monkey and cat demonstrated by acetylthiocholinesterase staining. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5723-5726; Graybiel AM 1990 Neurotransmitters and modulators in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 13:244-254).
9844
The term Fundus striati points to the ventral parts of the Caudate nucleus and Putamen, that with the Nucleus accumbens and the Olfactory tubercle form the Ventral Striatum.
9852
For Golgi studies see Braak H, Braak E (1982 Neuronal types in the striatum of man. Cell Tissue Res 227:319-342), and Graveland GA, Williams RS, DiFiglia M (1985 A Golgi study of the human neostriatum: Neurons and afferent fibers. J Comp Neurol 234:317-333); for immunohistochemical and physiological data see Bolam JP (2010 Microcircuits of the striatum. In: Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds: Handbook of Brain Microcircuits. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 109-119) and Haber SN, Adler A, Bergman H (2012 The basal ganglia. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 678-838).
12155
In the Regio periamygdaloidea (Periamygdaloid region) according to Brockhaus H (1940 Zur normalen und pathologischen Anatomie des Mandelkerngebietes. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 49:1-136) and Stephan (1975) only two layers can be distinguished.
12158
Frequently, a series of furrows delineates the Sulcus paracinguli (Paracingulate sulcus), which separates the medial division of the superior frontal gyrus from the Gyrus paracinguli (Paracingulate gyrus).
12159
See note # 12158
12160
See note # 6052
12161
See note # 6052
12162
See note # 6053
12163
See note # 6053
12168
TH subdivision into six layers (H4.8.03.115/121) suggested a well-divided structure. Insausti and Amaral (2012) emphasized that the laminar organization of the Presubiculum is complex and only poorly understood. They described a single, superficially located cellular layer made up of External and Internal principal layers. Their subdivision is followed here.
Signature
Type of list P2F
List Unit Identifier 5257
Sublist 1 5261 mesencephalon 352/161 on 8.4.2019
Sublist 2 5263 diencephalon 404/181 on 30.12.2021
Sublist 3 5264 telencephalon 1772/699 on 13.12.2020
Sublist 4 5431 pons 40/23 on 11.6.2019
Sublist 5 5686 cerebellum 332/161 on 15.4.2019
Sublist 6 5779 hypothalamus 150/71 on 26.3.2019
Sublist 7 11865 rhombencephalon rostrale 348/161 on 30.11.2020
Sublist 8 11874 rhombencephalon caudale 524/225 on 30.12.2021
Subtotals subchildren 3922 subunits 1682
Proper children 11
Number of children 3933 (validated)
Proper units 4
Number of units 1686 (validated)
Signature 5993 (validated since 30.12.2021)
Date: 31.12.2021